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\(n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{200.0,159}{106}=0,3mol\\ n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{200.0,208}{208}=0,2mol\\ a.Na_2CO_3+BaCl_2->2NaCl+BaCO_3\\ n_{Na_2CO_3}:1>n_{BaCl_2}:1\\ m_B=197.0,2=39,4g\\ Na_2CO_3+2HCl->2NaCl+H_2O+CO_2\\ V=\dfrac{2.0,1}{1}=0,2\left(L\right)=200\left(mL\right)\\ b.m_A=200+200-39,4=360,6g\\ C\%_{Na_2CO_3du}=\dfrac{106.0,1}{360,6}.100\%=2,94\%\\ C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{58,5.0,4}{360,6}.100\%=6,49\%\)
a)
\(Na_2CO_3+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaCO_3+2NaCl\)
0,2 <---------- 0,2 ------> 0,2 -----> 0,4
\(n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{200.15,9\%}{100\%}:106=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{200.20,8\%}{100\%}:208=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Do \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}>\dfrac{0,2}{1}\) nên \(Na_2CO_3\) dư sau phản ứng.
Dung dịch A: \(n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,3-0,2=0,1\left(mol\right);n_{NaCl}:0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Kết tủa B: \(BaCO_3\)
\(m_B=m_{BaCO_3}=0,2.197=39,4\left(g\right)\)
Dung dịch A td với HCl:
\(Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+H_2O+CO_2\)
0,1 ---------> 0,2
\(V=V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2}{1}=0,2\left(l\right)\)
b)
\(m_{dd}=m_{dd.Na_2CO_3}+m_{dd.BaCl_2}-m_{BaCO_3}=200+200-39,4=360,6\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{0,1.106.100\%}{360,6}=2,94\%\)
\(C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{0,4.58,5.100\%}{360,6}=6,49\%\)
\(C\%_X=\frac{40}{240}.100\%=16,7\left(\%\right)\)
\(PTHH:2NaOH+CuSO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
\(n_X=\frac{200.16,7}{100.40}=0,835\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:Cu\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)
\(m_{CuO}=0,835.80=66,8\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_Y=\frac{0,835.142}{200+100-0,835.98}.100\%=42,17\left(\%\right)\)
( k chắc :>>)
\(n_{KOH}=\dfrac{200.8,4}{100}:56=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{250.3,25}{100}:162,5=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(3KOH+FeCl_3\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow+3KCl\)
0,15 <----- 0,05 -----> 0,05 --------> 0,15
Xét tỉ lệ thấy: \(\dfrac{0,3}{3}>\dfrac{0,05}{1}\) nên KOH dư sau phản ứng.
\(n_{KOH.dư}=0,3-0,15=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo pthh \(n_{kt}=n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=n_{FeCl_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m=m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=0,05.107=5,35\left(g\right)\)
Nung kết tủa:
\(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\)
0,05---------> 0,025
Theo pthh \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,05=0,025\left(mol\right)\)
\(q=m_{F_2O_3}=0,025.160=4\left(g\right)\)
Dung dịch X gồm \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}KOH:0,15\left(mol\right)\\KCl:0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{dd.X}=m_{dd.KOH}+m_{dd.FeCl_3}-m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=200+250-5,35=444,65\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{KOH}=\dfrac{0,15.56.100}{444,65}=1,89\%\)
\(C\%_{KCl}=\dfrac{0,15.74,5.100}{444,65}=2,51\%\)
a. mdd X= 6,2+193,8= 200(g)=> C%X=\(\dfrac{6,2\cdot100}{200}=3,1\%\)
b. 2NaOH + CuSO4 ---> Na2SO4 + Cu(OH)2;
0,155--------0,0775------------0,0775----------0,0775 (mol)
Ta có: nCuSO4=\(\dfrac{200\cdot16}{100\cdot160}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
nNaOH=\(\dfrac{6,2}{40}0,155\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ:\(\dfrac{nNaOH}{nNaOHpt}=\dfrac{0,155}{2}< \dfrac{nCuSO4}{nCuSO4pt}=\dfrac{0,2}{1}\)
=> CuSO4 dư. Sản phẩm tính theo NaOH.
=> nNa2SO4=0,155/2= 0,0775(mol)=> mNa2SO4=0,0775*142=11,005(g).
nCu(OH)2=0,155/2=0,0775(mol)=> mCu(OH)2=0,0775*98=7,595(g).
=> mdd sau pư= 200+200-7,595=392,405(g)
=> C%ddA=\(\dfrac{11,005\cdot100}{392,405}=2,8\%\)
c. Cu(OH)2 ---to-> CuO + H2O;
ta có: nCu(OH)2=0,0775(mol)=> nCuO=0,0775(mol)
CuO + 2 HCl --> CuCl2 + H2O;
0,0775---0,155 (mol)
nHCl=0,155(mol)=>mHCl=0,155*36,5=5,6575(g)
mBa(OH)2 = 34.2g
nBa(OH)2 = 0.2 mol
mNa2SO4 = 56.8g
nNa2SO4 = 0.4 mol
Ba(OH)2 + Na2SO4 --> BaSO4 + 2NaOH
Bđ: 0.2_________0.4
Pư : 0.2_________0.2_______0.2_____0.4
Kt : 0__________0.2________0.2_____0.4
mBaSO4 = a = 46.6 g
mdd sau phản ứng = 200 + 200 - 46.6 = 353.4 g
mNa2SO4 dư = 28.4 g
mNaOH = 16g
C%Na2SO4 = 28.4/353.4*100% = 8.03%
C%NaOH = 4.52%