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Phương trình hóa học của phản ứng:
3Cl2 + 2Fe → 2FeCl3
Theo pt: 
2KMnO4 + 16HCl → 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
Theo pt:
mKMnO4 cần = 0,06. 158 = 9,48g
\(n_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{16.25}{162.5}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+\dfrac{3}{2}Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^0}FeCl_3\)
\(......0.15......0.1\)
\(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\)
\(0.06...............0.48........................................0.15\)
\(m_{KMnO_4}=0.06\cdot158=9.48\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.48}{1}=0.48\left(l\right)=480\left(ml\right)\)
\(2Fe+ 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2FeCl_3\\ n_{Cl_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{FeCl_3} = \dfrac{3}{2}.\dfrac{16,25}{162,5} = 0,15(mol)\\ 2KMnO_4 + 16HCl \to 2KCl + 2MnCl_2 + 5Cl_2 + 8H_2O\\ n_{KMnO_4} = \dfrac{2}{5}n_{Cl_2} = 0,06(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4} = 0,06.158 = 9,48(gam)\\ n_{HCl} = \dfrac{16}{4}n_{Cl_2} = 0,48(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,48}{1} = 0,48(lít) = 480(ml)\)
2Fe+ 3Cl2=(t0) 2FeCl3
nFeCl3=16,25/162,5=0,1 mol => nCl2=3/2nFeCl3=3/2.0,1=0,15 mol
2KMnO4+ 16HCl=2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2+8H2O
nKMnO4=2/5.nCl2=2/5. 0,15=0,06 mol --> mKMnO4=0.06. 158=9,48 g
nHCl=16/5. nCl2=16/5. 0,15=0,48 mol
--> VddHCl=0,48/ 1=0,48 lit= 480 ml
m giảm = mO2 = 0.8 (g)
BT e :
5nKMnO4 = 4nO2 + 2nCl2
=> nCl2 = (5*31.6/158 - 4*0.8/32)/2 = 0.45 (mol)
2NaOH + Cl2 => NaCl + NaClO + H2O
0.9______0.45
Vdd NaOH = 0.9/0.1 = 9 (l)
Em xem lại đáp án của đề nhé !!!
20 tấn = 20 000 kg
\(m_{NaCl} = 20 000.90\% = 18000(kg)\\ n_{NaCl} = \dfrac{18000}{58,5}= \dfrac{4000}{13}(kmol)\\ n_{NaCl\ pư} = \dfrac{4000}{13}.65\% = 200(kmol)\\ 2NaCl + 2H_2O \xrightarrow{đpdd} 2NaOH + Cl_2 + H_2\\ n_{Cl_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaCl} = 100(kmol)\\ V_{Cl_2} = 100.22,4 = 2240(m^3)\)
\(a,2KMnO_4+16HCl_{đặc}\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\\ 2Fe+3Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2FeCl_3\\ Ta.có:n_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{39}{162,5}=0,24\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Fe}=n_{FeCl_3}=0,24\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,24=0,36\left(mol\right)\\ n_{K_2MnO_4}=\dfrac{2}{5}.0,36=0,144\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{16}{5}.0.36=1,152\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow a=m_{KMnO_4}=0,144.158=22,752\left(g\right)\\ b=C_{MddHCl}=\dfrac{1,152}{0,1}=11,52\left(M\right)\\ x=m_{Fe}=0,24.56=13,44\left(g\right)\\ V=V_{Cl_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,36.22,4=8,064\left(l\right) \)
\(b,n_{KCl}=n_{MnCl_2}=\dfrac{2}{5}.0,36=0,144\left(mol\right)\\ KCl+AgNO_3\rightarrow AgCl\downarrow\left(trắng\right)+KNO_3\\ MnCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow2AgCl\downarrow\left(trắng\right)+Mn\left(NO_3\right)_2\\ n_{AgNO_3}=n_{AgCl}=n_{KCl}+2.n_{MnCl_2}=0,144+2.0,144=0,432\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{AgCl\downarrow\left(trắng\right)}=143,5.0,432=61,992\left(g\right)\\ m_{AgNO_3}=0,432.170=73,44\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ddAgNO_3}=\dfrac{73,44.100}{5}=1468,8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{22,12-21,16}{32}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{22,12}{158}=0,14\left(mol\right)\)
Mn+7 + 5e --> Mn+2
0,14-->0,7
2O-2 - 4e --> O20
0,12<--0,03
2Cl- - 2e --> Cl20
2a<---a
Bảo toàn e: 2a + 0,12 = 0,7
=> a = 0,29 (mol)
=> VCl2 = 0,29.22,4 = 6,496 (l)
\(n_{KMnO_4}=\frac{15,8}{158}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH : \(2KMnO_4+16HCl-->2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\) (1)
\(Cl_2+H_2-as->2HCl\) (2)
Có : \(m_{ddHCl}=100\cdot1,05=105\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{HCl}=105-97,7=7,3\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{HCl}=\frac{7,3}{36,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
BT Clo : \(n_{Cl_2}=\frac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Mà theo lí thuyết : \(n_{Cl_2}=\frac{5}{2}n_{KMnO_4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(H\%=\frac{0,1}{0,25}\cdot100\%=40\%\)
Vì spu nổ thu được hh hai chất khí => \(\hept{\begin{cases}H_2\\HCl\end{cases}}\) (Vì H2 dư)
=> \(n_{hh}=\frac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2\left(spu\right)}=n_{hh}-n_{HCl\left(spu\right)}=0,6-0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
BT Hidro : \(\Sigma_{n_{H2\left(trong.binh\right)}}=n_{H_2\left(spu\right)}+\frac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,4+0,1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
đọc thiếu đề câu a wtf
\(C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\frac{0,2}{0,1}=2\left(M\right)\)