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(a - b)2 + (b - c)2 + (c - a)2 = 3(a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - bc - ca)
<=> (a - b)2 + (b - c)2 + (c - a)2 = \(\dfrac{3}{2}\)(2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 - 2ab - 2bc - 2ca)
<=> (a - b)2 + (b - c)2 + (c - a)2 = \(\dfrac{3}{2}\)[(a2 - 2ab + b2) + (b2 - 2bc + c2) + (c2 - 2ca + a2)]
<=> (a - b)2 + (b - c)2 + (c - a)2 = \(\dfrac{3}{2}\)[(a - b)2 + (b - c)2 + (c - a)2]
<=> \(\dfrac{1}{2}\)[(a - b)2 + (b - c)2 + (c - a)2] = 0
<=> a = b = c
Cách 2 :
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ac+a^2=3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
Do \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0;\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0;\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\forall a;b;c\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a-b\right)^2=0\\\left(b-c\right)^2=0\\\left(c-a\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\b-c=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\b=c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=c\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(x-y=1\Rightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2=1\Rightarrow x^2+xy+y^2=19\Rightarrow x^3-y^3=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)=1.19=19\)
\(2,a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2ab+2bc+2ca\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ac+a^2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0ma:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\\\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\\\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
\(a+b+c=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=0\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\Rightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4+2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2c^2a^2=4a^2b^2+4b^2c^2+4c^2a^2+4abc\left(a+b+c\right)=4a^2b^2+4c^2a^2+4b^2c^2\Rightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4=2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2c^2a^2\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)=a^4+b^4+c^4+2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2c^2a^2=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\left(dpcm\right)\)
a) \(a^2+b^2+c^2+3=2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2a+1\right)+\left(b^2-2b+1\right)+\left(c^2-2c+1\right)=0\)
\(\leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2+\left(c-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\rightarrow a=b=c=1\)
b) \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0\)
\(\leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac=0\)
\(\leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ac+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\rightarrow a=b=c\)
Bài 1)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki ta có:
\(1=(a^2+b^2)(m^2+n^2)\geq (am+bn)^2\Rightarrow -1\leq am+bn\leq 1\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\frac{a}{m}=\frac{b}{n}\) . Kết hợp với \(a^2+b^2=m^2+n^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow \) dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=\pm m;b=\pm n\)
Bài 2)
Ta thấy:
\((ac-bd)^2\geq 0\Rightarrow a^2c^2+b^2d^2\geq 2abcd\Rightarrow (ac+bd)^2\geq 4abcd\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 4\geq 4cd\rightarrow cd\leq 1\Rightarrow 1-cd\geq 0\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(ac=bd=\pm 1\) và \(cd=1\) ....
Bài 3)
Vế đầu:
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac\leq a^2+b^2+c^2\)
Nhân $2$ và chuyển vế \(\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2\geq 0\)
BĐT trên luôn đúng nên BĐT đầu tiên cũng đúng.
Vế sau:
\(\Leftrightarrow 2(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq 2(ab+bc+ac)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2\geq 0\) (luôn đúng)
Do đó BĐT sau cũng luôn đúng với mọi số thực $a,b,c$
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m^2+n^2=1\\a^2+b^2=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(m^2+n^2\right)=\left(am\right)^2+\left(an\right)^2+\left(bm\right)^2+\left(bn\right)^2=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(am+bn\right)^2-\left[\left(ambn-\left(an\right)^2\right)+\left(ambn-\left(bm\right)^2\right)\right]=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(am+bn\right)^2+\left[an\left(bm-an\right)\right]+\left[bm\left(an-bm\right)\right]=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(am+bn\right)^2-\left(bm-an\right)\left(an-bm\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(am+bn\right)^2+\left(an-bm\right)^2=1\\ \)
\(\left(an-bm\right)^2\ge0\forall_{a,b,m,n}\Rightarrow\left(am+bn\right)^2\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow-1\le\left(am+bn\right)\le1\Rightarrow dpcm\)
1) Ta có a2 + b2 + c2 = ab + bc + ca
=> 2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 = 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
=> 2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 - 2ab - 2bc - 2ca = 0
=> (a2 - 2ab + b2) + (b2 - 2bc + c2) + (a2 - 2ac + c2) = 0
=> (a - b)2 + (b - c)2 + (a - c)2 = 0
=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\a-c=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\a=c\end{cases}}\Rightarrow a=b=c\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)
a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = ab + bc + ca
<=> 2a^2 + 2b^2 + 2c^2 - 2ab - 2ac - 2bc = 0
<=> (a-b)^2 + (b-c)^2 + (c-a)^2 = 0
<=> a-b = 0 và b-c=0 và c-a=0
<=> a=b=c
a^2/b+c + b^2/a+c + c^2=a+b
= a(a/b+c) + b(b/a+c) + c(c/a+b)
= a(a/b+c + 1 - 1) + b(b/a+c + 1 - 1) + c(c/a+b + 1 - 1)
= a(a+b+c/b+c) - a + b(a+b+c/a+c) - b + c(a+b+c/a+b) - c
= (a+b+c)(a/b+c + b/a+c + c/a+b) - (A+b+c)
mà a/b+c + b/a+c + c/a+b = 1
= a+b+c - (a+b+c)
= 0
(a-b)2+(b-c)2+(c-a)2=4(a2+b2+c2-ab-ac-bc)
=>a2-2ab+b2+b2-2bc+c2+c2-2ac+a2=4a2+4b2+4c2-4ab-4ac-4bc
=>2a2+2b2+2c2-2ab-2ac-2bc=4a2+4b2+4c2-4ab-4ac-4bc
=>2a2+2b2+2c2-2ab-2ac-2bc-4a2-4b2-4c2+4ab+4bc+4ac=0
=>-2a2-2b2-2c2+2ab+2ac+2bc=0
=>-(2a2+2b2+2c2-2ab-2ac-2bc)=0
=>-[(a2-2ab+b2)+(b2-2bc+c2)+(a2-2ac+c2)]=0
=>-[(a-b)2+(b-c)2+(a-c)2]=0
=>(a-b)2+(b-c)2+(a-c)2=0
=>(a-b)=(b-c)=(a-c)=0
=>a-b=0 =>a=b (1)
b-c=0 =>b=c (2)
từ (1) và (2)
=>a=b=c (đpcm)
\(a)\) Ta có :
\(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(a+b+c\right)^3=0^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)
\(a+b+c=0\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\hept{\begin{cases}a+b=-c\\b+c=-a\\c+a=-b\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a^3+b^3+c^3+3.\left(-c\right)\left(-a\right)\left(-b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\) ( đpcm )
Vậy \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
Chúc bạn học tốt ~
a, a+b+c=0 => a+b=-c
=>(a+b)3=(-c)3
=>a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3=-c3
=>a3+3ab(a+b)+b3=-c3
Mà a+b=-c
=>a3-3abc+b3=-c3
=>a3+b3+c3=3abc (đpcm)
b, \(P=\frac{a^2}{bc}+\frac{b^2}{ac}+\frac{c^2}{ab}=\frac{a^3}{abc}+\frac{b^3}{abc}+\frac{c^3}{abc}=\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{abc}\)
mà a3+b3+c3=3abc (bài a)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{3abc}{abc}=3\)
Vậy P=3