\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)

Câu b thiếu thể tích dd axit nên chưa tính được em

Các PTHH minh họa: 

1.  Acid + kim loại → Muối + hydrogen 

\(H_2SO_4+Mg\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

2. Acid + oxide base → Muối + nước

\(2HCl+Na_2O\rightarrow2NaCl+H_2O\)

3. Acid + base → Muối + nước 

\(H_2SO_4+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2H_2O\) 

4. Acid + muối → Muối + acid 

\(H_2SO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow2HCl+BaSO_4\downarrow\)

a. \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

b. Giải bài toán bằng cách lập PTHH.

c. 

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2mol\\ n_{HCl}=0,2.0,25=0,05mol\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,2}{1}>\dfrac{0,05}{2}\Rightarrow Fe.dư\)

Chất còn lại trong dung dịch sau phản ứng là \(FeCl_2\)

\(d.n_{FeCl_2}=0,05:2=0,025mol\\ C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,025}{0,25}=0,1M\)

Câu 7 : 

\(n_{H2SO4}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Pt : \(H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

\(n_{NaOH}=2n_{H2SO4}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,2}{1}=0,2\left(l\right)=200\left(ml\right)\)

Câu 8 : 

\(n_{H2SO4}=0,5.0,7=0,35\left(mol\right)\)

Pt : \(H_2SO_4+2KOH\rightarrow K_2SO_4+H_2O\)

\(n_{KOH}=2n_{H2SO4}=2.0,35=0,7\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{0,7.56}{12\%}.100\%=326,67\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{326,67}{1,15}=284,06\left(ml\right)\)

Câu 12 : 

a) \(2Cu+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2CuO\)

 \(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)

\(CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)

\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)

\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)

\(CuSO_4+Fe\rightarrow FeSO_4+Cu\downarrow\)

b) \(MgSO_4+2KOH\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2+K_2SO_4\)

\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}MgO+H_2O\)

\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)

\(MgCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl\)

\(Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2+Na_2CO_3\rightarrow MgCO_3+2NaNO_3\)

\(MgCO_3\xrightarrow[]{t^o}MgO+CO_2\)

c) \(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)

\(NaOH=HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)

\(2NaCl+2H_2O\xrightarrow[cmn]{đpdd}2NaOH+H_2+Cl_2\)

\(Cl_2+H_2\xrightarrow[]{as}2HCl\)

\(HCl+Fe\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)

\(Fe\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+2H_2O\)

\(FeSO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow FeCl_2+BaSO_4\)

\(FeCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl\)

\(Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+Mg\rightarrow Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2+Fe\)

e) \(4Al+3O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)

\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)

\(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6KOH\rightarrow2Al\left(OH\right)_3+3K_2SO_4\)

\(Al\left(OH\right)_3+3HNO_3\rightarrow Al\left(NO_3\right)_3+3H_2O\)

\(Al\left(NO_3\right)_2+Mg\rightarrow Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2+Âl\)

\(2Al+3Cl_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2AlCl_3\)

Bạn xem đề chỗ AlCl₃ ra Al₂(SO₄)₃ nhé

Gọi CTHH oxit sắt cần tìm là \(Fe_xO_y\)

\(Fe_xO_y+2yHCl\rightarrow xFeCl_{\dfrac{2y}{x}}+yH_2O\)

\(n_{FeCl_{\dfrac{2y}{x}}}=x.n_{Fe_xO_y}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{12,7}{56+35,5\cdot\dfrac{2x}{y}}=\dfrac{7,2x}{56x+16y}\\ \Leftrightarrow308x=308y\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{308}{308}=\dfrac{1}{1}\)

CTHH oxit sắt cần tìm là \(FeO\)

\(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,05.0,04=0,002mol\\ n_{HCl}=0,15.0,06=0,009mol\\ Ba\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+2H_2O\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,002}{1}< \dfrac{0,009}{2}\Rightarrow HCl.dư\\ Ba\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+2H_2O\)

0,002             0,004         0,002     

\(C_{M_{BaCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,002}{0,05+0,15}=0,01M\\ C_{M_{HCl.dư}}=\dfrac{0,009-0,004}{0,05+0,15}=0,025M\)

Câu 3 : 

\(n_{NaOH}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Pt : \(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

\(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddH2SO4}=\dfrac{0,1.98}{10\%}.100\%=98\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{KOH}=0,2.1=0,2mol\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.1=0,2mol\\ 2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4.dư\\ n_{H_2SO_4,pư}=0,2:2=0,1mol\\ n_{H_2SO_4,dư}=0,2-0,1=0,1mol\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1mol\\ V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24l\)

Câu 2 : 

\(n_{KOH}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H2SO4}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Pt : \(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

       0,2             0,2 

Xét tỉ lệ : \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\)

\(n_{H2SO4\left(dư\right)}=0,2-\left(\dfrac{0,2.1}{2}\right)=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Pt : \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)

   \(n_{H2SO4}=n_{H2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)

Câu 1 : 

\(n_{KOH}=\dfrac{25\%.112}{100\%.56}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

Pt : \(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

\(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{KOH}=0,25\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddH2SO4}=\dfrac{0,25.98}{4,9\%}.100\%=500\left(g\right)\)