II. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each space

PASSAGE A. Not since the Spanish Conquest has an invasion on this (1)__________ so threatened Peru’s precious Inca heritage. Today they come armed with backpacks and cameras rather than muskets and swords. Last year alone, of the country’s 2.25 million foreign visitors, nearly half headed straight for Machu Picchu, (2)__________ thousands tromping along the ancient Inca Trail to get there. In 2003, (3)__________ mounting pressure from UNESCO, the Peruvian government took measures to protect the ancient site, setting a 500-a-day limit on the number of visitors allowed in. But this hasn’t (4)__________ off tour companies out to make a quick buck, which openly flout the law and get around it by opening up new “unofficial” hiking routes to the top.  UNESCO has been infuriated by seeming government complicity in this behaviour. After all, the infamous Carrilluchayoc bridge, and others like it, which (5)__________ Machu Picchu up to hundreds of thousands of illegal visitors each year, could, quite easily, be blocked off by the state were it only to show an interest. Instead, it (6)__________ a blind eye as the situation escalates out of control. And UNESCO has finally (7)__________ its patience, demanding of the Peruvian government immediate action to stem the tide of unauthorised tourists whose careless, nitwitted trespass is putting the future of the ancient wonder at risk.

PASSAGE B. Like history, archaeology is the study of past societies, but whereas historians rely on written records, archaeologists gather much of their information by (1) _______ out excavations or 'digs'. During these digs, the archaeologists are (2)_______ the lookout for bones, seeds or any man-made objects which will give them clues as to how our ancestors lived. One of the most significant challenges (3)_______ archaeologists is finding the right place to dig. This decision is (4)_______ by consulting old maps, documents or aerial photographs, which can reveal the footprints of ancient roads or buildings invisible (5)_______ the ground. The next stęp is the painstaking removal of layers of soil, examining, recording and analysing everything that is found. Although considerably (6)_______ difficult, archaeologists have excavated buildings and whole towns that were (7)_______ water, using many of the same techniques that are used on land. (8)_______ was archaeologists who first discovered that human evolution began in Africa, and this is just one of many contributions to human knowledge made by people in the fascinating field of archaeology.