Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or B on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 37.

  Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent. From the very beginning, music was regarded as an indispensable accompaniment; when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896, they were accompanied by piano improvisations on popular tunes. At first, the music played bore no special relationship to the films; an accompaniment of any kind was sufficient. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.

  As movie theaters grew in number and importance, a violinist, and perhaps a cellist, would be added to the pianist in certain cases, and in the larger movie theaters small orchestras were formed. For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualification for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces. Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before the y were to be shown (if, indeed, the conductor was lucky enough to see them then), the musical arrangement was normally improvised in the greatest hurry.

  To help meet this difficulty, film distributing companies started the practice of publishing suggestions for musical accompaniments. In 1909, for example, the Edison Company began issuing with their films such indications of mood as “pleasant’, “sad”, “lively”. The suggestions became more explicit, and so emerged the musical cue sheet containing indications of mood, the titles of suitable pieces of music, and precise directions to show where one piece led into the next.

  Certain films had music especially composed for them. The most famous of these early specialscores was that composed and arranged for D. w. Griffith’s film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915.

The word “scores” most likely mean _________.

A. successes

B. totals

C. groups of musicians 

D. musical compositions

Mark the letter A, B, C or B on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

Their children learn (A) primarily by directly (B) experiencing the (C) world around (D) it.

A. primarily 

B. experiencing 

C. world 

D. it

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

We should quickly find the solution to the problem. Otherwise, its impact on those concerned will increase

A. If we can solve this problem soon, we’ll lower the impact on all of our concerns 

B. By the time we solve this problem, the impact on those concerned will have been lowered 

C.  If all those concerned lower their impact, the problem will be better solved 

D. The sooner we find the solution to the problem, the lower the impact it has on those concerned

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 38 to 42.

  Body postures and movements are frequently indicators of self-confidence, energy, fatigue, or status. Cognitively, gestures operate to clarify, contradict, or replace verbal messages. Gestures also serve an important function with regard to regulating the flow of conversation. For example, if a student is talking about something in front of the class, single nods of the head from the teacher will likely cause that student to continue and perhaps more elaborate. Postures as well as gestures are used to indicate attitudes, status, affective moods, approval, deception, warmth, arid other variables related to conversation interaction.

  The saying “A picture is worth a thousand words” well describes the meaning of facial expressions. Facial appearance – including wrinkles, muscle tone, skin coloration, and eye color-offers enduring cues that reveal information about age, sex, race, ethnic origin, and status.

A less permanent second set of facial cues-including length of hair, hairstyle, cleanliness, and facial hair-relate to an individual’s idea of beauty. A third group of facial markers are momentary expressions that signal that cause changes in the forehead, eyebrows, eyelids, cheeks, nose, lips, and chin, such as raising the eyebrows, wrinkling the brow, curling the lip.

  Some facial expressions are readily visible, while others are fleeting. Both types can positively or negatively reinforce the spoken words and convey cues concerning emotions and attitudes.

Gestures _________.

A. can do nothing with a conversation 

B. can clarify the meaning of verbal messages 

C. may interrupt the flow of a conversation 

D. can end a conversation more quickly than usual

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 25 to 29. Fill in the appropriate word in question 29

          Working as a novelist is not really a career like being a doctor or a scientist. Although a fewwell-known ones, like Harry Potter author J. K. Rowling, have become wealthy, most writers find it difficult even to make a living from their book sales. Novels take a long time towrite, and authors can get into financial (25) _____ if they don’t have money coming in regularly from another job. But for those determined to write novels, it is without (26)______ one of the most enjoyable kinds of work to do. The writer has to be creative, thinking up completely new stories, and (27) _____, meaning they put all their time and effort into their work. They also need to be able to cope in a crisis, as nobody else can write their book for them. For this, a good sense of (28)______ often helps. Or the thought that maybe their novel might one day be turned into a film and become a Hollywood (29) _____!

A. blockbuste

B. attaction

C. best - seller

D. victory

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or B on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 37.

  Many ants forage across the countryside in large numbers and undertake mass migrations; these activities proceed because one ant lays a trail on the ground for the others to follow. As a worker ant returns home after finding a source of food, it marks the route Line by intermittently touching its stinger to the ground and depositing a tiny amount of trail pheromone – a mixture of chemicals that delivers diverse messages as the context changes.

  These trails incorporate no directional information and may be followed by other ants in either direction. Unlike some other messages, such as the one arising from a dead ant, a food trail has to be kept secret from members of other species. It is not surprising then that ant species use a wide variety of compounds as trail pheromones. Ants can be extremely sensitive to these signals. Investigators working with the trail pheromone of the leafcutter ant Atta texana calculated that one milligram of this substance would suffice to lead a column of ants three times around Earth. The vapor of the evaporating pheromone over the trail guides an ant along the way,  and the ant detects this signal with receptors in its antennae. A trail pheromone will evaporate to furnish the highest concentration of vapor right over the trail, in what is called a vapor space. In following the trail, the ant moves to the right and left, oscillating from side to side across the line of the trail itself, bringing first one and then the other antenna into the vapor space. As the ant moves to the right, its left antenna arrives in the vapor space. The signal it receives causes it to swing to the left, and the ant then pursues this new course until its right antenna reaches the vapor space. It then swings back to the right, and so weaves back and forth down the trail.

According to the passage, why do ants use different compounds as trail pheromones?

A. To reduce their sensitivity to some chemicals 

B. To attract different types of ants 

C. To protect their trail from other species 

D. To indicate how far away the food is

Mark the letter A, B, C or B on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

Her husband (A) asked her (B) son what (C) did he want (D) for his birthday.

A. asked 

B. son 

C. did he want

D. for his birthday

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or B on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 30 to 37.

  Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent. From the very beginning, music was regarded as an indispensable accompaniment; when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896, they were accompanied by piano improvisations on popular tunes. At first, the music played bore no special relationship to the films; an accompaniment of any kind was sufficient. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.

  As movie theaters grew in number and importance, a violinist, and perhaps a cellist, would be added to the pianist in certain cases, and in the larger movie theaters small orchestras were formed. For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualification for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces. Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before the y were to be shown (if, indeed, the conductor was lucky enough to see them then), the musical arrangement was normally improvised in the greatest hurry.

  To help meet this difficulty, film distributing companies started the practice of publishing suggestions for musical accompaniments. In 1909, for example, the Edison Company began issuing with their films such indications of mood as “pleasant’, “sad”, “lively”. The suggestions became more explicit, and so emerged the musical cue sheet containing indications of mood, the titles of suitable pieces of music, and precise directions to show where one piece led into the next.

  Certain films had music especially composed for them. The most famous of these early specialscores was that composed and arranged for D. w. Griffith’s film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915.

Which of the following notations is most likely to have been included on a musical cue sheet of the early 1900's?

A. “Key of c major”

B. “Piano, violin” 

C.  “Calm, peaceful”

D. “Directed by D. w. Griffith”

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 67 to 76.

Ralph Earl was born into a Connecticut farm family in 1751. He chose early to become a painter and looked for what training was available in his home state an in Boston. Earl was one of the first American artists to paint landscapes. Among his first paintings were scenes from the Revolutionary war battles of Lexington and Concord In 1778 Earl went to London to study with Benjamin West for four years.

When Earl returned to the United States, he was jailed for fourteen months for outstanding debts. While still a prisoner, he painted portraits of some of New York City's most elegant society women and their husbands. After his release, he took up the trade of itinerant portrait painter, working his way through southern New England and New York. He didn't flatter his subjects, but his portrait show a deep understanding of them; perhaps he had sprung from the same roots.

Among Earl's most famous paintings is his portrait of Justice Oliver Ellsworth and his wife, Abigail. To provide counterpoint to the severity of the couple, he accurately details the relative luxury of the Ellsworth's interior furnishings. The view through the window behind them shows sun lit fields, well-kept fences, and a bend of the Connecticut River. One of Earl's paintings is something of anomaly. Reclining Hunter, which many years was attributed to Thomas Gainsborough, shows a well-dressed gentleman resting beneath a tree. In the foreground, he displays a pile of birds, the results of a day's hunt. The viewer can also see a farmer's donkey lying in the ground, another of the hunter's victims. This outrageously funny portrait couldn't have been commissioned - no one would have wanted to be portrayed in such an absurd way. However, this painting uncharacteristically shows Earl's wit as well as his uncommon technical skills.

What is the author's main purpose?

A. To describe the art scene in New York in the late eighteenth century

B. To discuss the life and work of an American painter

C. To compare the art of Ralph Earl and Thomas Gainsborough

D. To trace Ralph Earl's artistic influences