Cho \(a=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{8}}-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}\) .Chứng minh rằng \(4a^2+\sqrt{2}a-\sqrt{2}=0\) và tính giá trị của biểu thức:
\(B=a^2+\sqrt{a^4+a+1}\)
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giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\ge0\)
Ta có: \(a+\frac{b}{2}-\frac{a^2+ab+b^2}{a+b}=\frac{1}{2}\left(ab-b^2\right)\ge0\Rightarrow a+\frac{b}{2}\ge\frac{a^2+ab+b^2}{a+b}\)
\(b+\frac{a}{2}-\frac{a^2+ab+b^2}{a+b}=\frac{1}{2}\left(ab-a^2\right)\le0\Rightarrow b+\frac{a}{2}\le\frac{a^2+ab+b^2}{a+b}\)
Tương tự: \(b+\frac{c}{2}\ge\frac{b^2+bc+c^2}{b+c}\ge c+\frac{b}{2};a+\frac{c}{2}\ge\frac{a^2+ac+c^2}{a+c}\ge c+\frac{a}{2}\)
Lại có:+) \(\frac{a^3-b^3}{a+b}+\frac{b^3-c^3}{b+c}+\frac{c^3-a^3}{c+a}\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\frac{a^2+ab+b^2}{a+b}+\left(b-c\right)\frac{b^2+bc+c^2}{b+c}-\left(a-c\right)\frac{a^2+ac+c^2}{a+c}\)
\(\ge\left(a-b\right)\left(b+\frac{a}{2}\right)+\left(b-c\right)\left(c+\frac{a}{2}\right)-\left(a-c\right)\left(a+\frac{c}{2}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{-1}{4}\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]\left(1\right)\)
+) \(\frac{a^3-b^3}{a+b}+\frac{b^3-c^3}{b+c}+\frac{c^3-a^3}{c+a}\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\frac{a^2+ab+b^2}{a+b}+\left(b-c\right)\frac{b^2+bc+c^2}{b+c}-\left(a-c\right)\frac{a^2+ac+c^2}{a+c}\)
\(\le\left(a-b\right)\left(a+\frac{b}{2}\right)+\left(b-c\right)\left(b+\frac{c}{2}\right)-\left(a-c\right)\left(c+\frac{a}{2}\right)\)
\(\le\frac{1}{4}\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]\left(2\right)\)
Từ 1,2 => đpcm
BĐT đã cho tuong duong voi:
\(\left|\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\right|\le\frac{1}{4}\left[\Sigma\left(a-b\right)^2\right]\)
Theo AM-GM ta có: \(\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le\frac{9}{8}\cdot\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{a+b+c}\)
Có: \(VT\le\frac{9}{8}\left|\frac{\sqrt{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2}}{\left(a+b+c\right)}\right|=\frac{9\sqrt{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2}}{8\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
Cần chứng minh: \(4\left(a+b+c\right)^2\left[\Sigma\left(a-b\right)^2\right]^2\ge9\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2\)
Rõ ràng \(\Sigma\left(a-b\right)^2\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2}\)
Cần cm: \(36\left(a+b+c\right)^2\sqrt[3]{\left(a-b\right)^4\left(b-c\right)^4\left(c-a\right)^4}\ge9\sqrt[3]{\left(a-b\right)^6\left(b-c\right)^6\left(c-a\right)^6}\)
Hay \(4\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge\sqrt[3]{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2}\)
Tiếp tục là điều hiển nhiên do \(VT\ge4\left[\left(a+b+c\right)^2-3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\right]\)
\(=2\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]\)
\(\ge6\sqrt[3]{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2}\ge VP\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)=0\\a-b=b-c=c-a\\a=b=c\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c.\)
Đặt bđt là (*)
Để (*) đúng với mọi số thực dương a,b,c thỏa mãn :
\(a+b+c\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)thì \(a=b=c=1\) cũng thỏa mãn (*)
\(\Rightarrow4\le\sqrt[n]{\left(n+2\right)^2}\)
Mặt khác: \(\sqrt[n]{\left(n+2\right)\left(n+2\right).1...1}\le\frac{2n+4+\left(n-2\right)}{n}=3+\frac{2}{n}\)
Hay \(n\le2\)
Với n=2 . Thay vào (*) : ta cần CM BĐT
\(\frac{1}{\left(2a+b+c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(2b+c+a\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(2c+a+b\right)^2}\le\frac{3}{16}\)
Với mọi số thực dương a,b,c thỏa mãn: \(a+b+c\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
Vì: \(\frac{1}{\left(2a+b+c\right)^2}\le\frac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)
Tương tự ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\left(2b+a+c\right)^2}\le\frac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)};\frac{1}{\left(2c+a+b\right)^2}\le\frac{1}{4\left(a+c\right)\left(c+b\right)}\)
Ta cần CM:
\(\frac{a+b+c}{2\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\frac{3}{16}\Leftrightarrow16\left(a+b+c\right)\le6\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
Ta có BĐT: \(9\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge8\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Và: \(3\left(ab+cb+ac\right)\le3abc\left(a+b+c\right)\le\left(ab+cb+ca\right)^2\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge3\)
=> đpcm
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi a=b=c
=> số nguyên dương lớn nhất : n=2( thỏa mãn)
Từ x + y = 3 => x = 3 - y thay vào biểu thức D, ta có:
D = 2(3 - y)2 + y2 - 3(3 - y) + 2013
D = 3(y2 - 6y + 9) + y2 - 9 + 3y + 2013
D = 3y2 - 18y + 27 + y2 + 3y + 2004
D = 4y2 - 15y + 2031
D = 4y2 - 15y + 14 + 2017
D = (y - 2)(4y - 7) + 2017
Với y \(\ge\)2 => 4y - 7 > 0 và y - 2 \(\ge\)0
=> D \(\ge\)2017
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> y - 2 = 0 và x = 3 - y <=> y = 2 và x = 3 - 2 = 1
Vậy MinD = 2017 <=> x = 1 và y = 2
Ta có: \(x+y+z=xyz\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{x+y+z}{yz}\Leftrightarrow x^2=\frac{x^2+xy+xz}{yz}\Leftrightarrow x^2+1=\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{yz}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}=\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\)
Tương tự, ta được: \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{y^2+1}}=\sqrt{\frac{zx}{\left(y+x\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\); \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{z^2+1}}=\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\)
Cộng theo từng vế ba đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(P=\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{zx}{\left(y+x\right)\left(y+z\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\)\(\le\frac{\frac{y}{x+y}+\frac{z}{z+x}+\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{z}{y+z}+\frac{x}{z+x}+\frac{y}{y+z}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)(BĐT Cô-si)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = \(\sqrt{3}\)
CM: \(a=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{8}}-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}\Rightarrow a+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{8}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{8}\right)^2=\left(\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{8}}\right)^2\)\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+\frac{a\sqrt{2}}{4}+\frac{1}{32}=\frac{1}{4}\left(\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{8}\right)\Leftrightarrow a^2+\frac{2\sqrt{a}}{4}+\frac{1}{32}=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{4}+\frac{1}{32}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4a^2+\sqrt{2}a-\sqrt{2}=0\)
Theo trên: \(4a^2+\sqrt{2}a-\sqrt{2}=0\Rightarrow a^2=\frac{\sqrt{2}\left(1-a\right)}{4}\Rightarrow a^4=\frac{a^2-2a+1}{8}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^4+a+1=\frac{a^2-2a+1}{8}+a+1=\left(\frac{a+3}{2\sqrt{2}}\right)^2\)
\(B=a^2+\sqrt{a^4+a+1}=a^2+\frac{a+3}{2\sqrt{2}}=\frac{2\sqrt{2}a^2+a+3}{2\sqrt{2}}\)\(=\frac{4a^2+\sqrt{2}a+3\sqrt{2}}{4}=\frac{4\sqrt{2}}{4}=\sqrt{2}\)