Read the following passage, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

      Although management principles have been implemented since ancient times, most management scholars trace the beginning of modern management thought back to the early 1900s, beginning with the pioneering work of Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) Taylor was the first person to study work scientifically. He is most famous for introducing techniques of time and motion study, differential piece rate systems, and for systematically specializing the work of operating employees and managers. Along with other pioneers such as Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Taylor set the stage, labeling his philosophy and methods “scientific management’. At that time, his philosophy, which was concerned with productivity, but which was often misinterpreted as promoting worker interests at the expense of management, was in marked contrast to the prevailing industrial norms of worker exploitation.

      The time and motion study concepts were popularized by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. The Gilbreths had 12 children. By analyzing his children’s dishwashing and bedmaking chores, this pioneer efficiency expert, Frank Gilbreth, hit on principles whereby workers could eliminate waste motion. He was memorialized by two of his children in their 1949 book called “Cheaper by the Dozen”.

          The Gilbreth methods included using stop watches to time worker movements and special tools (cameras and special clocks) to monitor and study worker performance, and also involved identification of “therbligs” (Gilbreth spelled backwards) - basic motions used in production jobs. Many of these motions and accompanying times have been used to determine how long it should take a skilled worker to perform a given job. In this way an industrial engineer can get a handle on the approximate time it should take to produce a product or provide a service. However, use of work analysis in this way is unlikely to lead to useful results unless all five work dimensions are considered: physical, psychological, social, cultural, and power.

The word “prevailing” is closest in meaning to

A. predominant    

B. broadly accepted        

C. prevalent 

D. common

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction.

Sydney Laniar achieved fame both as a poet or a symphony musician.

A. achieved 

B. as a

C. or

D. musician

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 35 to 44.

Speech is one of the most important (35)…… of communicating .It consists of far more than just making  noises . To talk and also (36)……. to by other people, we have to speak a language ,that is, we have to use combinations of (37) …..that  everyone agrees  to  stand for a  particular object  or idea.  Communication would  be impossible if everyone made up their own language.  Learning a language properly is  very   (38)……. The basic (39)…… of English is not very large, and not only about 2,000 words are needed to speak it quite (40) ……..But the more idea you can (41)……. the more precise you can be about  their exact  meaning. Words are the (42)……..   thing we use in communicating what we want to say. The way we (43)……..  the words is also very important. Our tone of voice can express many emotions and (44) …….      whether we are  pleased or angry, for instance.

Điền vào ô 39

A. grammar                  

B. word               

C. vocabulary                

D. structure

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks from 46 to 50.

          Vietnamese generally shake hands when greeting and parting. Using both hands shows respect as does a (46) _______ bow of the head. In rural areas, elderly people who do not extend their hand are greeted with a slight bow. Women are more likely to bow the head than to shake hands. Vietnamese names begin with the family name and are (47) _______ by a given name. People address one another by their given names, but add a title that indicates their perceived relationship to the other person. These titles are family related rather than professional. Among colleagues, for example, the younger of the two might combine the given name with the title of “Anh” (Older Brother). A/n (48) _______ greeting combined with the given name and title is “Xin chao” (Hello). Classifiers for gender and familiarity are also combined with the greeting. In formal meetings, business cards are sometimes exchanged on greeting.
          Vietnamese have a strong (49) _______ of hospitality and feel embarrassed if they cannot show their guests full respect by preparing for their arrival. Therefore, it is (50) _______ to visit someone without having been invited. Gifts are not required, but are appreciated. Flowers, incense, or tea may be appropriate gifts for the hosts. Hosts also appreciate a small gift for their children or elderly parents

Điền vào số (48)

A. easy       

B. basic       

C. fundamental     

D. elementary

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

He had never experienced such discourtesy towards the president as it occurred at the annual meeting in May.

A. politeness                  

B. rudeness                    

C. measurement             

D. encouragement

Mark the letter A,B,C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.

The change in population distribution was barely noticeable to the demographers conducting the study.

A. often      

B. hardly     

C. never      

D. softly

Read  the following  passage and mark the letter A, B, C on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

The art world

One of the major problems in the art world is how to distinguish and promote an artist. In effect, a market must be created for an artist to be successful. The practice of signing and    numbering individual prints was introduced by James Abbott McNeill Whistler, the nineteenth - century artist best known for the painting of his mother, called “Arrangement in Grey and Black”, but known to most of us as “ Whistler’s Mother”. Whistler’s brother - in - law, Sir Francis Seymour Haden, a less well - known artist, had speculated that collectors might find prints more attractive if they knew  that they were only a limited number of copies produced. By signing the work in pencil, an artist could guarantee and personalize each print.

As soon as Whistler and Haden began the practice of signing and numbering  their prints, their work began to increase in value. When other artists noticed that the signed prints commanded higher prices, they began copying the procedure.

Although most prints are signed on the right - hand side in the margin below the image, the placement of the signature is a matter of personal choice. Indeed, prints have been signed within the image, in any of the margins, or even on the reverse side of the print. Wherever the artist elects to sign it, a signed print is still valued above an unsigned one, even in the same edition.

The word “it” in bold type refers to______.  

A. the same edition

B. the reverse side

C. a print

D. the image  

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction.

George hasn’t completed the assignment yet, and Mary hasn’t too.

A. hasn’t 

B. the assignment yet

C. and

D. hasn’t too