Lập phương trình hóa học của các phản ứng sau và cho biết chúng thuộc loại phản ứng hóa học nào? Ghi rõ điều kiện của phản ứng( nếu có) a)S+?->SO2 b)Al+?->Al2SO3 c)KMnO4->?+?+O2 d)KClO3->!?+O2
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a, \(C_2H_5OH+Na\rightarrow C_2H_5ONa+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
\(CH_3COOH+Na\rightarrow CH_3COONa+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
b, Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{C_2H_5OH}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{CH_3COOH}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 46x + 60y = 15,2 (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{C_2H_5OH}+\dfrac{1}{2}n_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{2}y=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\left(mol\right)\\y=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{C_2H_5OH}=0,2.46=9,2\left(g\right)\\m_{CH_3COOH}=0,1.60=6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(C_6H_{12}O_6\underrightarrow{t^o,xt}2C_2H_5OH+2CO_2\)
\(n_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{230}{46}=5\left(kmol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{C_6H_{12}O_6\left(LT\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{C_2H_5OH}=2,5\left(kmol\right)\)
Mà: H = 60%
\(\Rightarrow n_{C_6H_{12}O_6\left(TT\right)}=\dfrac{2,5}{60\%}=\dfrac{25}{6}\left(kmol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{C_6H_{12}O_6\left(TT\right)}=\dfrac{25}{6}.180=750\left(kg\right)\)
\(n_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{230}{46}=5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(C_6H_{12}O_6\underrightarrow{lenmen}2C_2H_5OH+2CO_2\uparrow\)
2,5 0,5
\(m_{C_6H_{12}O_6\left(lt\right)}=2,5.180=450\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{C_6H_{12}O_6\left(tt\right)}=\dfrac{450.100}{60}=750\left(g\right)\)
a, \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{2}\), ta được Fe dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)
b, Fe dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=0,1-0,05=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=0,05.56=2,8\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
trc p/u : 0,1 0,1
p/u : 0,05 0,1 0,05 0,05
sau p/u: 0,05 0 0,05 0,05
---> sau p/ư : Fe dư
\(a,V_{H_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)
b, \(m_{Fedư}=0,05.56=2,8\left(g\right)\)
\(c,_{FeCl_2}=0,05.127=6,35\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddFeCl_2}=5,6+\left(0,1.36,5\right)-\left(0,05.1\right)=9,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{6,35}{9,2}.100\%\approx69\%\)
\(n_{CH_3COOH}=0,1.0,1=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Na_2CO_3+2CH_3COOH\rightarrow2CH_3COONa+CO_2+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{CH_3COOH}=0,005\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{CO_2}=0,005.22,4=0,112\left(l\right)\)
Đáp án: A
PTHH :
\(C_2H_4+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CO_2\uparrow+2H_2O\)
trc p/u : 0,1 0,15
p/u : 0,05 0,15 0,1 0,1
sau p/u: 0,05 0,15 0 0,05
-----> H2O dư
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{2,7}{18}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{O_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{2,7}{18}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
BTNT O, có: 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O
⇒ nO2 = 0,175 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,175.22,4=3,92\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{2,4\cdot10^{23}}{6\cdot10^{23}}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Ca}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{4}{40}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Ca+2H_2O->Ca\left(OH\right)_2+H_2\)
tỉ lệ 1 : 2 : 1 ; 1
n(mol) 0,1----->0,2--------->0,1--------->0,1
\(\dfrac{n_{Ca}}{1}< \dfrac{n_{H_2O}}{2}\left(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{2}\right)\)
`=>` `Ca` hết, `H_2 O` dư, tính theo `Ca`
\(n_{H_2O\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,2=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2O\left(dư\right)}=n\cdot M=0,2\cdot18=3,6\left(g\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(dktc\right)}=n\cdot22,4=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\\ m_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=n\cdot M=0,1\cdot74=7,4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Ca}=\dfrac{4}{40}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{2,4.10^{23}}{6.10^{23}}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(Ca+2H_2O\rightarrow Ca\left(OH\right)_2+H_2\)
trc p/u: 0,1 0,4
p/u: 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1
sau p/u: 0 0,2 0,1 0,1
-----> sau p/u : H2O dư
\(a,m_{H_2Odư}=0,2.18=3,6\left(g\right)\)
\(b,V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
\(c,m_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}0,1.74=7,4\left(g\right)\)
\(a,S+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}SO_2\) ( hóa hợp )
\(b,2Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\) ( hóa hợp )
\(c,2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\uparrow\) ( phân hủy )
\(d,2KClO_3\underrightarrow{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\uparrow\) ( phân hủy )
a) \(S+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^0}SO_2\left(phản.ứng.hoá.hợp\right)\)
b)\(4Al+3O_2\xrightarrow[t^0]{}2Al_2O_3\left(phản.ứng.hoá.hợp\right)\)
c) \(2KMnO_4\xrightarrow[t^0]{}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\left(phản.ứng.phân.huỷ\right)\)
d)\(2KClO_3\xrightarrow[t^0]{}2KCl+3O_2\left(phản.ứng.phân.huỷ\right)\)