Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 38 to 42.

        The popular image of student life is of young people with few responsibilities enjoying themselves and (38) _____ very little work. This is often not true. Many older people now study at college or university, sometimes (39) _____ a part-time basis while having a job and looking after a family. These students are often highly motivated and work very hard.

        Younger students are often thought to be lazy and careless about money (40) _____ this situation is changing. In Britain reduced government support for higher education means that students can no longer rely on having their expenses paid for them. Formerly, students received a grant towards their living expenses. Now most can only get a loan (41) _____ has to be paid back. Since 1999 they have paid over £1,000 towards tuition fees and this amount will increase up to a maximum of £3,000. In the US students already have to pay for tuition and room and board.

          Many get a financial aid package which may include grants, scholarships and loans. The fear of having large debts places (42) _____ pressure on students and many take part-time jobs during the term and work full-time in the vacations.

Điền vào ô số 38

A. carrying

B. producing

C. making   

D. doing 

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

There won’t be peace in the conflict if both sides do not really desire it.

A. It is only if both sides actually want the conflict to end peacefully that it will happen

B. As both sides in the conflict apparently desire peace, it is likely that there will be peace soon

C. The main problem in the conflict seems to be that neither side really desires peace

D. There has been a lot of fighting in the conflict because both sides seem to want it that way

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

The soldier was demoted for improper behavior.

A. promoted 

B. lowered 

C. resigned 

D. let off

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions from 22 to 23.

I am tired of staying up late last night studying. I am also worried about today’s test.

A. I am not only tired of staying up late last night studying but also worried about today’s test

B. Tired from staying up late last night studying, today’s test also makes us worried

C. Not only am I tired of staying up late last night studying, but I am also worried about today’s test

D. Because I am worried about today’s test, I stayed up late last night studying

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

Life in the Universe

   Exobiology is the study of life that originates from outside of Earth. As yet, of course, no such life forms have been found. Exobiologists, however, have done important work in the theoretical study of where life is most likely to evolve, and what those extrateưestrial life forms might be like.

   What sorts of planets are most likely to develop life? Most scientists agree that a habitable planet must be terrestrial, or rock-based, with liquid surface water and biogeochemical cycles that somewhat resemble Earth’s. Water is an important solvent involved in many biological processes. Biogeochemical cycles are the continuous movement and transformation of materials in the environment. These cycles include the circulation of elements and nutrients upon which life and the Earth’s climate depend. Since (as far as we know) all life is carbon-based, a stable carbon cycle is especially important.

   The habitable zone is the region around a star in which planets can develop life. Assuming the need for liquid surface water, it follows that most stars around the size of our sun will be able to sustain habitable zones for billions of years. Stars that are larger than the sun are much hotter and bum out more quickly; life there may not have enough time to evolve. Stars that are smaller than the sun have different problem. First of all, planets in their habitable zones will be so close to the star that they will be “tidally locked” – that is one side of the planet will always face the star in perpetual daylight with the other side in the perpetual night. Another possible obstacle to life on smaller stars is that they tend to vary in their luminosity, or brightness, due to flares and “star spots”. The variation can be large enough to have harmful effects on the ecosystem.

   Of course, not all stars of the right size will give rise to life; they also must have terrestrial planets with the right kind of orbits. Most solar systems have more than one planet, which influence each other’s orbits with their own gravity. Therefore, in order to have a stable system with no planets flying out into space, the orbits must be a good distance from one another. Interestingly, the amount of space needed is roughly the width of a star’s habitable zone. This means that for life to evolve, the largest possible number of life-supporting planets in any star’s habitable zone is two.

   Finally, not all planets meeting the above conditions will necessarily develop life. One major threat is large, frequent asteroid and comet impacts, which will wipe out life each time it tries to evolve. The case of Earth teaches that having large gas giants, such as Saturn and Jupiter,.in the outer part of the solar system can help keep a planet safe for life. Due to their strong gravitation, they tend to catch or deflect large objects before they can reach Earth.

Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?

A. Because of their nearness, habitable planets orbiting smaller stars usually have either constant daylight or constant night

B. The habitable zones of small stars are so close to the star that planets within them do not spin

C. One problem with some stars is that their habitable zones are tidally locked into either light or darkness

D. Some stars become tidally locked, so that they only shine light on one side of a planet

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions from 43 to 44.

Many parents may fail to recognize and respond to their children's needs until frustration explodes into difficult or uncooperative behaviour.

A. stays under pressure 

B. remains at an unchanged level

C. suddenly becomes uncontrollable

D. slowly reaches the boiling point

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

     In this modern world where closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras are everywhere and smartphones in every pocket, the routine filming of everyday life is becoming pervasive. A number of countries are rolling out body cams for police officers; other public-facing agencies such as schools, councils and hospitals are also experimenting with cameras for their employees. Private citizens are getting in on the act too: cyclists increasingly wear headcams as a deterrent to aggressive drivers. As camera technology gets smaller and cheaper, it isn't hard to envisage a future where we're all filming everything all the time, in every direction.

     Would that be a good thing? There are some obvious potential upsides. If people know they are on camera, especially when at work or using public services, they are surely less likely to misbehave. The available evidence suggests that it discourages behaviours such as vandalism. Another upside is that it would be harder to get away with crimes or to evade blame for accidents.

     But a world on camera could have subtle negative effects. The deluge of data we pour into the hands of Google, Facebook and others has already proved a mixed blessing. Those companies would no doubt be willing to upload and curate our body-cam data for free, but at what cost to privacy and freedom of choice?

     Body-cam data could also create a legal minefield. Disputes over the veracity and interpretation of police footage have already surfaced. Eventually, events not caught on camera could be treated as if they didn't happen. Alternatively, footage could be faked or doctored to dodge blame or incriminate others.

     Of course, there's always the argument that if you're not doing anything wrong, you have nothing to fear. But most people have done something embarrassing, or even illegal, that they regret and would prefer they hadn't been caught on film. People already censor their social media feeds – or avoid doing anything incriminating in public – for fear of damaging their reputation. Would ubiquitous body cams have a further chilling effect on our freedom?

     The always-on-camera world could even threaten some of the attributes that make us human. We are natural gossips and backbiters, and while those might not be desirable behaviours, they oil the wheels of our social interactions. Once people assume they are being filmed, they are likely to clam up.

     The argument in relation to body-cam ownership is a bit like that for guns: once you go past a critical threshold, almost everyone will feel they need one as an insurance policy. We are nowhere near that point yet – but we should think hard about whether we really want to say "lights, body cam, action."

The word "they" in paragraph 6 refers to ______. 

A. wheels

B. social interactions 

C. desirable behaviours

D. people