a, Ko pư

b, \(CaO+N_2O_5\rightarrow Ca\left(NO_3\right)_2\)

c, \(H_2SO_4+Pb\left(NO_3\right)_2\rightarrow2HNO_3+PbSO_4\)

2KNO₃ + MgCl₂ → 2KCl + Mg(NO₃)₂

CaO + N₂O₅ → Ca(NO₃)₂

H₂SO₄ + Pb(NO₃)₂ → 2HNO₃ + PbSO₄

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH :

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

0,3     0,6                        0,3

\(V_{H_2}=0,3.24,79=7,437\left(l\right)\)

\(m_{HCl}=0,6.36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

a, Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3.24,79=7,437\left(l\right)\)

b, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}=0,6\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,6.36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\)

\(K_2SO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+SO_2+H_2O\)

K₂SO₃ + H₂SO₄ → SO₂ + H₂O + K₂SO₄

Câu 31:

A có CTHH: M₂X.

Ta có: P = E (do nguyên tử trung hòa về điện)

- Tổng số hạt trong A là 116.

⇒ 2.2P_M + 2N_M + 2P_X + N_X = 116 (1)

- Trong đó, số hạt mang điện nhiều hơn số hạt không mang điện là 36.

⇒ 2.2P_M + 2P_X - 2N_M - N_X = 36 (2)

- Khối lượng nguyên tử X lớn hơn M là 9.

⇒ P_X + N_X - P_M - N_M = 9 (3)

- Tổng số hạt trong X^2- nhiều hơn trong M⁺ là 17.

⇒ (2P_X + N_X + 2) - (2P_M + N_M - 1) = 17 (4)

Từ (1), (2), (3) và (4) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}P_M=E_M=11\\N_M=12\\P_X=E_X=16\\N_X=16\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇒ A_M = 11 + 12 = 23

A_X = 16 + 16 = 32

Câu 32:

Ta có: \(\%^{37}Cl=\dfrac{3.37.\left(100-73\right)\%}{3.37.\left(100-73\right)\%+3.35.73\%+27}.100\%\approx22,43\%\)

a, PT: \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)

\(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)

Ta có: 100n_CaCO3 + 84n_MgCO3 = 14,2 (1)

Theo PT: \(n_{CO_2}=n_{CaCO_3}+n_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CaCO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgCO_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{0,1.100}{14,2}.100\%\approx70,42\%\\\%m_{MgCO_3}\approx29,58\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{CO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,6}=0,5\left(M\right)\)

PTHH :

\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\)

x                 2x               x           x          x 

\(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)

y                 2y               y              y          y 

Có:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}100x+84y=14,2\\x+y=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow x=0,1;y=0,05\)

\(a,\%m_{CaCO_3}=0,1.100:14,2.100\%\approx72,423\%\)

\(\%m_{MgCO_3}=100\%-72,423\%\approx29,577\%\)

\(b,C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,2+0,1}{0,6}=0,5\left(M\right)\)

a, \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{HCl}=200.14,6\%=29,2\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{29,2}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}< \dfrac{0,8}{2}\), ta được HCl dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)

b, \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,3.136=40,8\left(g\right)\)

c, \(n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{Zn}=0,6\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có: m _{dd sau pư} = 19,5 + 200 - 0,3.2 = 218,9 (g)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{218,9}.100\%\approx3,33\%\\C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{40,8}{218,9}.100\%\approx18,64\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(a)n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3mol\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.14,6}{100.36,5}=0,8mol\\ Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,3}{1}< \dfrac{0,8}{2}\Rightarrow HCl.dư\\ n_{H_2}=n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,3mol\\ V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72l\\ b)m_{ZnCl_2}=0,3.136=40,8g\\ c)n_{HCl.pư}=0,3.2=0,6mol\\ C_{\%ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{40,8}{200+19,5-0,3.2}\cdot100=18,64\%\\ C_{\%HCl.dư}=\dfrac{\left(0,8-0,6\right).36,5}{200+19,5-0,3.2}\cdot100=3,33\%\)

a, \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)

b, \(m_{FeCl_2}=0,2.127=25,4\left(g\right)\)

c, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,3}=\dfrac{4}{3}\left(M\right)\)

\(C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,3}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(M\right)\)

Ta có: m _{dd NaCl} = m_NaCl + m_H2O = 15 + 45 = 60 (g)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{15}{60}.100\%=25\%\)

a, m_Fe = 0,15.56 = 8,4 (g)

m_Ba = 0,1.137 = 13,7 (g)

b, \(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{8}{160}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{32}{160}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)