IMO, 2001

Đặt \(x=\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+8bc}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+8ac}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+8ab}}\left(x;y;z\in\left(0;1\right)\right)\)

Để ý rằng \(\frac{a^2}{8bc}=\frac{x^2}{1-x^2};\frac{b^2}{8ac}=\frac{y^2}{1-y^2};\frac{c^2}{8ba}=\frac{z^2}{1-z^2}\)

=> \(\frac{1}{512}=\left(\frac{x^2}{1-x^2}\right)\left(\frac{y^2}{1-y^2}\right)\left(\frac{z^2}{1-z^2}\right)\)

Ta cần chứng minh \(x+y+z\ge1\)với \(x;y;z\in\left(0;1\right)\)và \(\left(1-x^2\right)\left(1-y^2\right)\left(1-z^2\right)=512\left(xyz\right)^2\left(1\right)\)

Giả sử ngược lại x+y+z<1

Theo BĐT AM-GM ta có:

\(\left(1-x^2\right)\left(1-y^2\right)\left(1-z^2\right)>\left[\left(x+y+z\right)^2-x^2\right]\left[\left(x+y+z\right)^2-y^2\right]\left[\left(x+y+z\right)^2-z^2\right]\)

\(=\left(x+x+y+z\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y+z+y\right)\left(z+x\right)\left(z+z+x+y\right)\left(x+y\right)\)

\(\ge4\left(x^2yz\right)^{\frac{1}{4}}\cdot2\left(yz\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}\cdot4\left(y^2zx\right)^{\frac{1}{4}}\cdot2\left(xz\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}\cdot4\left(z^2xy\right)^{\frac{1}{4}}\cdot2\left(xy\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}=512\left(xyz\right)^2\)

Điều này mâu thuẫn với (1)

Vậy điều phản chứng là sai và ta có đpcm

Ta có \(\frac{a.1-bc}{a.1+bc}==\frac{a^2+ac}{a^2+ab+bc+ca}=\frac{a}{a+b}\)

Từ đó \(\frac{a-bc}{a+bc}+\frac{b-ca}{b+ca}+\frac{c-ab}{c+ab}=\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}\)

\(=-\left(\frac{a}{c-1}+\frac{b}{a-1}+\frac{c}{b-1}\right)=-\left(\frac{a^2}{ca-a}+\frac{b^2}{ab-b}+\frac{c^2}{bc-c}\right)\)

\(\le-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca-\left(a+b+c\right)}=-\frac{1}{ab+bc+ca-1}\le-\frac{1}{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}-1}=\frac{3}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}.\)

Ap dung BDT Bun-hia-cop-xki ta co:

\(\left(\sqrt{4a+1}+\sqrt{4b+1}+\sqrt{4c+1}\right)^2\le\left(1+1+1\right)\left[4\left(a+b+c\right)+3\right]=21\)

\(\Rightarrow-\sqrt{21}\le\sqrt{4a+1}+\sqrt{4b+1}+\sqrt{4c+1}\le\sqrt{21}< 5\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{4a+1}+\sqrt{4b+1}+\sqrt{4c+1}< 5\)

Ap dung BDT Bun-hia-cop-xki ta co:

\left(\sqrt{4a+1}+\sqrt{4b+1}+\sqrt{4c+1}\right)^2\le\left(1+1+1\right)\left[4\left(a+b+c\right)+3\right]=21(4a+1​+4b+1​+4c+1​)2≤(1+1+1)[4(a+b+c)+3]=21

\Rightarrow-\sqrt{21}\le\sqrt{4a+1}+\sqrt{4b+1}+\sqrt{4c+1}\le\sqrt{21}&lt; 5⇒−21​≤4a+1​+4b+1​+4c+1​≤21​<5

\Rightarrow\sqrt{4a+1}+\sqrt{4b+1}+\sqrt{4c+1}&lt; 5⇒4a+1​+4b+1​+4c+1​<5