Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

Health is something we tend to (31) _______ when we have it. When our body is doing well, we are hardly aware of it. But illness can come, even (32) _______ we are young. In fact, childhood has been a very susceptible time. Many diseases attack children in particular, and people know very little how to cure them once they struck. The result was that many children died. About a century ago,(33) _________, scientists found out about germs, and then everything changed. The cause of many diseases was found, and cures were developed. As this medical discovery spread, the world became____ (34) _____ safer for children. The result is that whereas a hundred years ago, the average man lived for 35 years, nowadays, in many areas of the world, people can expect to live for 75 years. And what do we expect by the year 2020? Undoubtedly, medical science will continue to (35) ________. Some people will be able to avoid medical problems that are unavoidable today

Điền ô số 35

A. speed up

B. run

C. accelerate

D. advance

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 43.

Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading” undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace.

One should be wary, however, of assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud was a distraction to others. Examinations of factors related to the historical development of silent reading have revealed that it became the usual mode of reading for most adults mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.

The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy and thus in the number of readers. As the number of readers increases, the number of potential listeners decline and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers.

Towards the end of the century, there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully and over whether the reading of materials such as newspapers was in some mentally weakening. Indeed, this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a specialized readership on the other.

By the end of the twentieth century, students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use reading skills which were inappropriate, if not impossible, for the oral reader.

The social, cultural and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term “reading” implied.

Reading aloud was more common in the medieval world because______ 

A. few people could read to themselves

B. people relied on reading for entertainment

C. there were few places available for private reading

D. silent reading had not been discovered

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

By the time Brown’s daughter graduates, __________ retired. 

A. he 

B. he has 

C. he’ll being 

D. he’ll have 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

We live in a world of tired, sleep deprived people. In his book Counting Sheep, Paul Martin – a behavioural biologist – describes a society which is just too busy to sleep and which does not give sleeping the importance it deserves.

          Modern society has invented reasons not to sleep. We are now a 24/7 society where shops and services must be available all hours. We spend longer hours at work than we used to, and more time getting to work. Mobile phones and email allow us to stay in touch round the clock and late-night TV and the Internet tempt us away from our beds. When we need more time for work or pleasure, the easy solution is to sleep less. The average adult sleeps only 6.2 hours a night during the week, whereas research shows that most people need eight or even eight and a half hours’ sleep to feel at their best. Nowadays, many people have got used to sleeping less than they need and they live in an almost permanent state of ‘sleep debt’.

          Until the invention of the electric light in 1879 our daily cycle of sleep used to depend on the hours of daylight. People would get up with the sun and go to bed at nightfall. But nowadays our hours of sleep are mainly determined by our working hours (or our social life) and most people are woken up artificially by an alarm clock. During the day caffeine, the world’s most popular drug, helps to keep us awake. 75% of the world’s population habitually consume caffeine, which up to a point masks the symptoms of sleep deprivation.

What does a chronic lack of sleep do to us? As well as making us irritable and unhappy as humans, it also reduces our motivation and ability to work. This has serious implications for society in general. Doctors, for example, are often chronically sleep deprived, especially when they are on ‘night call’, and may get less than three hours’ sleep. Lack of sleep can seriously impair their mood, judgment, and ability to take decisions. Tired engineers, in the early hours of the morning, made a series of mistakes with catastrophic results. On our roads and motorways lack of sleep kills thousands of people every year. Tests show that a tired driver can be just as dangerous as a drunken driver. However, driving when drunk is against the law but driving when exhausted isn’t. As Paul Martin says, it is very ironic that we admire people who function on very little sleep instead of criticizing them for being irresponsible. Our world would be a much safer, happier place if everyone, whatever their job, slept eight hours a night.

New English File Upper-intermediate by Clive Oxenden and Christina Latham-Koenig, OUP

The writer mentions the Internet in the passage as______.

A. a temptation that prevents us from sleeping 

B. an easy solution to sleep deprivation 

C. an ineffective means of communication

D. a factor that is not related to sleep deprivation

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

James Cook,______ , also discovered the Hawaiian Islands. 

A. by exploring the South Sea he reached Australia. 

B. explored the South Sea and reaching Australia. 

C. who explored the South Sea and reached Australia

D. explored the South Sea then reached Australia. 

Read the following passage and choose A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the following blanks. Fill in the appropriate word in question 32

Voluntary work is work that you do not get paid for and usually involves doing things to help other people, especially the elderly or the sick or working on (31)______ of a charity or similar organization. Most charitable organizations rely on unpaid volunteers, and thousands of Americans and British people give many hours of their time to doing some form of social work or organizing fund- raising events to support the work. Volunteering is especially popular in the US and the reasons this may be found in (32)______ American values such as the Protestant work ethic, the idea that work improves the person who does it, and the belief that people can change their condition if they try hard enough.

In the US young people over 18 can take part in AmeriCorps, a government program that (33)______ them to work as volunteers for a period of time, with the promise of help in paying for their education later. Older Americans who do not work may spend much of their free time volunteering.

In Britain a lot of voluntary work is directed towards supporting the country’s social services. The WRVS and other organizations run a meals on wheels service in many parts of Britain, provide hot meals for old people who are (34)______ to cook for themselves. The nationwide Citizens Advice Bureau, which offers free advice to the public on a wide range of issues, is run mainly by volunteers, and the Blood Transfusion Service relies on voluntary blood donors to give blood for use in hospitals. Political parties use volunteers at election time, and Churches depend on volunteers to (35) _______ building clean.

A. core

B. primary

C. top

D. essential

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

Health is something we tend to (31) _______ when we have it. When our body is doing well, we are hardly aware of it. But illness can come, even (32) _______ we are young. In fact, childhood has been a very susceptible time. Many diseases attack children in particular, and people know very little how to cure them once they struck. The result was that many children died. About a century ago,(33) _________, scientists found out about germs, and then everything changed. The cause of many diseases was found, and cures were developed. As this medical discovery spread, the world became____ (34) _____ safer for children. The result is that whereas a hundred years ago, the average man lived for 35 years, nowadays, in many areas of the world, people can expect to live for 75 years. And what do we expect by the year 2020? Undoubtedly, medical science will continue to (35) ________. Some people will be able to avoid medical problems that are unavoidable today.

Điền ô số 32

A. if  

B. so

C. when

D. while

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 44 to 50.

For many people who live in cities, parks are an important part of the landscape. They provide a place for people to relax and play sports, as well as a refuge from the often harsh environment of a city. What people often overlook is that parks also provide considerable environmental benefits.

One benefit of parks is that plants absorb carbon dioxide—a key pollutant—and emit oxygen, which humans need to breathe. According to one study, an acre of trees can absorb the same amount of carbon dioxide that a typical car emits in 11,000 miles of driving. Parks also make cities cooler. Scientists have long noted what is called the Urban Heat Island Effect: building materials such as metal, concrete, and asphalt absorb much more of the sun’s heat and release it much more quickly than organic surfaces like trees and grass. Because city landscapes contain so much of these building materials, cities are usually warmer than surrounding rural areas. Parks and other green spaces help to mitigate the Urban Heat Island Effect.

Unfortunately, many cities cannot easily create more parks because most land is already being used for buildings, roads, parking lots, and other essential parts of the urban environment. However, cities could benefit from many of the positive effects of parks by encouraging citizens to create another type of green space: rooftop gardens. While most people would not think of starting a garden on their roof, human beings have been planting gardens on rooftops for thousands of years. Some rooftop gardens are very complex and require complicated engineering, but others are simple container gardens that anyone can create with the investment of a few hundred dollars and a few hours of work.

Rooftop gardens provide many of the same benefits as other urban park and garden spaces, but without taking up the much-needed land. Like parks, rooftop gardens help to replace carbon dioxide in the air with nourishing oxygen. They also help to lessen the Urban Heat Island Effect, which can save people money. In the summer, rooftop gardens prevent buildings from absorbing heat from the sun, which can significantly reduce cooling bills. In the winter, gardens help hold in the heat that materials like brick and concrete radiate so quickly, leading to savings on heating bills. Rooftop vegetable and herb gardens can also provide fresh food for city dwellers, saving them money and making their diets healthier. Rooftop gardens are not only something everyone can enjoy, they are also a smart environmental investment.

According to the author, one advantage that rooftop gardens have over parks is that they ______________

A. do not require the use of valuable urban land 

B. decrease the Urban Heat Island Effect 

C. replenish the air with nourishing oxygen

D. are less expensive than traditional park spaces

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 43.

Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading” undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace.

One should be wary, however, of assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud was a distraction to others. Examinations of factors related to the historical development of silent reading have revealed that it became the usual mode of reading for most adults mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.

The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy and thus in the number of readers. As the number of readers increases, the number of potential listeners decline and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers.

Towards the end of the century, there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully and over whether the reading of materials such as newspapers was in some mentally weakening. Indeed, this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a specialized readership on the other.

By the end of the twentieth century, students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use reading skills which were inappropriate, if not impossible, for the oral reader.

The social, cultural and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term “reading” implied.

The development of silent reading during the last century indicated______ 

A. an increase in the number of books

B. an increase in the average age of readers

C. a change in the nature of reading

D. a change in the status of literate people

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

There were over two hundred people at Carl's trial, most of whom believed that he was not guilty of the crime.

A. Carl had not committed the crime, and so more than 200 people came to his trial to show their support. 

B. The majority of more than 200 people at Carl's trial didn't think that he had committed the crime. 

C. Over 200 people coming to Carl's trial must have influenced the fact that he was not found guilty of the crime. 

D. When it was announced that Carl had been found not guilty of the crime, there were over 200 people in the audience at his trial.