Read the following passage and choose the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Diabetes is a disease that has existed for centuries, even mentioned by ancient Egyptians. In its early stages, diabetes can lead to dehydration and intense thirst. (23)__________, it can result in severe issues like heart problems, blindness, and even death.

Ancient doctors recognized a key symptom of diabetes: excessive urination. They believed that diabetes (24)__________ into urine. The English doctor Thomas Willis noted in 1679 that diabetic urine tasted "wonderfully sweet." Despite these observations, experts didn't understand the cause of diabetes or (25)__________. Doctors suggested exercise and various diets, but nothing helped patients live longer than a year.

A significant breakthrough occurred in 1889 when two European researchers, Oscar Minkowski and Joseph von Mering, removed a dog's pancreas (26)__________. Soon after, the dog showed symptoms of diabetes, such as thirst, weight loss, and blurred vision, and eventually died.

The major advancement came in 1921 when researchers at the University of Toronto discovered a substance produced in the pancreas of healthy dogs. (27)__________ a diabetic dog, improving its condition.

In 1922, Banting and Best treated a 14-year-old boy named Leonard Thompson, who was severely ill and weighed only 65 pounds. After (28)__________ insulin, his symptoms disappeared, and he regained strength. News of insulin treatment spread globally, changing diabetes management forever.

Read the following passage and choose the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

As sea levels rise and more people move to cities, the idea of living in cities on water is becoming real. The New York Times (29)__________ on an exciting project near Busan, South Korea. UN-Habitat, the architectural firm BIG, and the technology company Oceanix are working together on this project. They plan to build complete cities on large concrete platforms (30)__________ can hold over 10,000 people, using both advanced and simple technologies.

(31)__________ is starting off the coast of Busan, where connected floating platforms will be built. Since about 90% of cities are near coastlines and at risk from rising sea levels, this project offers more than just homes. (32)__________ focuses on sustainable practices, like using renewable energy and protecting nature. These floating cities could be examples of eco-friendly development and provide solutions for climate change.

UN-Habitat's involvement shows how important this project is globally as it aims to create standards for building these cities. By working with partners around the world and supporting (33)__________ sustainable development goals, UN-Habitat is helping to shape the future of living on land and water.

Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the following questions.

1. Apples are sweet and juicy, making them a favorite snack but also crucial for a healthy diet. Research indicates that eating apples can lower the risk of severe diseases such as cancer, stroke, and heart disease, which supports the saying, "An apple a day keeps the doctor away."

2. At Cornell University in New York, researchers found that some apple nutrients can slow colon and liver cancer cell growth. In Hawaii, a study showed that lung cancer patients who included apples in their diet had a reduced risk of lung cancer.

3. A long-term study in Finland, involving over 9,000 men over 28 years, revealed that consuming more apples was linked to a lower risk of stroke, which occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted.

4. At the University of California-Davis, scientists discovered that apples can help reduce the harmful effects of "bad" LDL cholesterol. This type of cholesterol can lead to plaque buildup in the arteries, increasing the risk of blood clots and heart attacks, which are similar to strokes but affect the heart.

5. Additionally, apples are a good source of fiber—one medium apple has about 5 grams if you eat the skin. Dietitians recommend consuming 20 to 25 grams of fiber daily. The type of fiber in apples, called pectin, has been shown to help lower cholesterol levels in studies from Italy, Ireland, France, Finland, and the United States.

Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the following questions.

1. Whenever my parents hear about the achievements of friends' or neighbors' children—like high salaries, new houses, or cars—they call to share the news with me. Many young people feel anxious about returning home because of their parents' high expectations. I felt this pressure too, but I have learned to understand it.

2. Parents' high expectations often stem from their difficult pasts and a lack of understanding of today's challenges. Many work hard and borrow money to give their children a better education, hoping they will have more opportunities. Unfortunately, this can create a burden for young people to succeed quickly.

3. Additionally, parents often compare their children to others. When they hear about friends' kids achieving promotions or getting married, they wish for the same success for their own children. This comparison can lead to anxiety as each person has their own unique path.

4. Living in the countryside, my parents' intentions come from a place of love, even if it doesn't always feel supportive. I try to cope by suggesting that I have other things to do or reminding them that not everything is as it seems, as some people like to show off their successes. Over time, my parents have become more understanding and less likely to pressure me.

5. Success means different things to different people, influenced by their surroundings. While it's common for parents to feel pressure from society, you can also work on your own understanding of fulfillment. Focus on activities like sports, reading, or helping at home. Avoid social media that showcases others' wealth, as comparing yourself to others doesn't help you grow. It's important not to let negative thoughts take control and to remember that your path is your own.