Có x - y = 4

=> (x - y)² = 4²

=> x² + y² - 2xy = 16

=> x² + y² - 2.5 = 16 (vì xy = 5)

=> x² + y² = 26

Vậy ........................................

1, \(45+x^3-5x^2-9x=9\left(5-x\right)+x^2\left(x-5\right)\)

\(=\left(9-x^2\right)\left(x-5\right)=\left(3-x\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x-5\right)\)

3, \(x^4-5x^2+4\)

Đặt \(x^2=t\left(t\ge0\right)\)ta có : 

\(t^2-5t+4=t^2-t-4t+4=t\left(t-1\right)-4\left(t-1\right)\)

\(=\left(t-4\right)\left(t-1\right)=\left(x^2-4\right)\left(x^2-1\right)=\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\)

`Answer:`

1. `45+x^3-5x^2-9x`

`=x^3+3x^2-8x^2-24x+15x+45x`

`=x^2 .(x+3)-8x.(x+3)+15.(x+3)`

`=(x+3).(x^2-8x+15)`

`=(x+3).(x^2-5x-3x+15)`

`=(x-3).(x-5).(x-3)`

2. `x^4-2x^3-2x^2-2x-3`

`=x^4+x^3-3x^3+x^2+x-3x-3`

`=x^3 .(x+1)-3x^2 .(x+1)+x.(x+1)-3.(x+1)`

`=(x+1).(x^3-3x^2+x-3)`

`=(x+1).[x^3 .(x-3).(x-3)]`

`=(x+1).(x-3).(x^2+1)`

3. `x^4-5x^2+4`

`=x^4-x^2-4x^2+4`

`=x^2 .(x^2-1)-4.(x^2-1)`

`=(x^2-1).(x^2-4)`

`=(x-1).(x+1).(x-2).(x+2)`

4. `x^4+64`

`=x^4+16x^2+64-16x^2`

`=(x^2+8)^2-16x^2`

`=(x^2+8-4x).(x^2+8+4x)`

5. `x^5+x^4+1`

`=x^5+x^4+x^3-x^3+1`

`=x^3 .(x^2+x+1)-(x^3-1)`

`=x^3 .(x^2+x+1)-(x-1).(x^2+x+1)`

`=(x^2+x+1).(x^3-x+1)`

6. `(x^2+2x).(x^2+2x+4)+3`

`=(x^2+2x)^2+4.(x^2+2x)+3`

`=(x^2+2x)^2+x^2+2x+3.(x^2+2x)+3`

`=(x^2+2x+1).(x^2+2x)+3.(x^2+2x+1)`

`=(x^2+2x+1).(x^2+2x+3)`

`=(x+1)^2 .(x^2+2x+3)`

7. `(x^3+4x+8)^2+3x.(x^2+4x+8)+2x^2`

`=x^6+8x^4+16x^3+16x^2+64x+64+3x^3+12x^2+24x+2x^2`

`=x^6+8x^4+19x^3+30x^2+88x+64`

8. `x^3 .(x^2-7)^2-36x`

`=x[x^2.(x^2-7)^2-36]`

`=x[(x^3-7x)^2-6^2]`

`=x.(x^3-7x-6).(x^3-7x+6)`

`=x.(x^3-6x-x-6).(x^3-x-6x+6)`

`=x.[x.(x^2-1)-6.(x+1)].[x.(x^2-1)-6.(x-1)]`

`=x.(x+1).[x.(x-1)-6].(x-1).[x.(x+1)-6]`

`=x.(x+1).(x-1).(x^2-3x+2x-6).(x^2+3x-2x-6)`

`=x.(x+1).(x-1).[x.(x-3)+2.(x-3)].[x.(x+3)-2.(x+3)]`

`=x.(x+1)(x-1).(x-2).(x+2).(x-3).(x+3)`

9. `x^5+x+1`

`=x^5-x^2+x^2+x+1`

`=x^2 .(x^3-1)+(x^2+x+1)`

`=x^2 .(x-1).(x^2+x+1)+(x^2+x+1)`

`=(x^2+x+1).(x^3-x^2+1)`

10. `x^8+x^4+1`

`=[(x^4)^2+2x^4+1]-x^4`

`=(x^4+1)^2-(x^2)^2`

`=(x^4-x^2+1).(x^4+x^2+1)`

`=[(x^4+2x^2+1)-x^2].(x^4-x^2+1)`

`=[(x^2+1)^2-x^2].(x^4-x^2+1)`

`=(x^2-x+1).(x^2+x+1).(x^4-x^2+1)

11. ` x^5-x^4-x^3-x^2-x-2`

`=x^5-2x^4+x^4-2x^3+x^3-2x^2+x^2-2x+x-2`

`=x^4 .(x-2)+x^3 ,(x-2)+x^2 .(x-2)+x.(x-2)+(x-2)`

`=(x-2).(x^4+x^3+x^2+x+1)`

12. `x^9-x^7-x^6-x^5+x^4+x^3+x^2-1`

`=(x^9-x^7)-(x^6-x^4)-(x^5-x^3)+(x^2-1)`

`=x^7 .(x^2-1)-x^4 .(x^2-1)-x^3 .(x^2-1)+(x^2-1)`

`=(x^2-1).(x^7-x^4-x^3+1)`

`=(x-1)(x+1)(x^3-1)(x^4-1)`

`=(x-1)(x+1)(x^2+x+1)(x-1)(x^2-1)(x^2+1)`

`=(x-1)^2 .(x+1)(x^2+x+1)(x-1)(x+1)(x^2+1)`

`=(x-1)^3 .(x+1)^2 .(x^2+x+1)(x^2+1)`

13. `(x^2-x)^2-12(x^2-x)+24`

`=[ (x^2-x)^2-2.6(x^2-x)+6^2]-12`

`=(x^2-x+6)^2-12`

`=(x^2-x+6-\sqrt{12})(x^2-x+6+\sqrt{12})`

(x – 2)(x2 – 3x + 2)

= x3 – 2x2 – 3x2 + 6x + 2x – 4

= x3 – 5x2 + 8x – 4

Vậy hệ số của x là: 8.

a³-3ab²=2 và b³-3a²b=-11

=>(a³-3ab²)²=4 và (b³-3a²b)=121

=>a⁶-6a⁴b²+9a²b⁴=4 và b⁶-6a²b⁴+9a⁴b²=121

=>a⁶-6a⁴b²+9a²b⁴+b⁶-6a²b⁴+9a⁴b²=4+121

=>a⁶+3a⁴b²+3a²b⁴+b⁶=125

=>(a²+b²)³=125

=>a²+b²=5