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X)-Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.
El Nino and La Nina
The tropical Pacific Ocean (1)______________ a warming and cooling cycle. This cycle is a completely natural event and usually (2)___________ between three to seven years.
When the waters become (3)______________, it is called El Nino, and when they become cooler it is called La Nina. During the cycle, the (4)___________ of the ocean can change by around 3^oC between the warmest and coolest times.
(5)_____________ off the South American coast have known about this
(6)____________ event for hundreds of years. When it (7)____________, they see a huge fall in the numbers of fish caught. But scientists are only just beginning to
(8)____________ how the event affects Earth’s weather and climate.

Fill in each blank with the correct preposition.

1. Thousands of people were exposed __________ radiation when the nuclear plant exploded.

2. Waste water from many factories which is dumped __________ water bodies rirectly causes water pollution.

3. Land pollution is responsible for damage done __________ natural habitat of animals.

4. Americans throw __________ twenty-eight and a half million tons of plastic in landfills every year.

5. Scientists have come up __________ new ways of saving energy.

Combine each pair of sentences, using conditional sentences type 1.

1. A person looks at the sky at night. He is not able to see the Milky Way by naked eye.

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2. Noise pollution gets more serious in the future. It affects the development of economy and society.

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3. Australia has invested in water in Viet Nam with good results. Half of the population in the rural areas has access to fresh water.

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4. You use compact light bulbs. You save a lot of energy.

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5. We have more space. We plant more trees.

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Order the words to make sentences and questions. There is one word of phrase you do not need in each sentences.

1. Lady Gaga,/ I'd ask/ I will meet/ If/ I met/ her to sing

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2. If I/ would have/ had/ a cat or a dog./ a pet,/ it/ would be

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3. everybody voted/ I was/ I'd be/ amazed/ for that singer./ if

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4. TV./ don't be/ If I/ I'd watch/ wasn't/ busy,

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5. didn't have/ homework tonight?/ What/ would you do/ do would you/ if you

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6. the exam?/ you feel/ if/ How/ did/ would/ you didn't pass

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Make conditional sentences type 2 from the clues.

1. If/ be/ you/, I/ plant/ vegetables/ garden.

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2. More/ tourist/ come/ here/ if/ beach/ be/ cleaner.

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3. What/ happen/ if/ there/ be/ no/ car/ world?

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4. If/ I/ be/ his mother/, I/ ask/ tidy/ room/ every day.

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5. If/ there/ be/ no/ war/, people/ live/ more/ happy.

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6. Soil/ not/ be/ so/ polluted/ if/ farmers/ not use/ much/ chemical/ fertilizer.

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Rewrite the sentences, using the words in brackets.

1. The noise from the music club is loud, so the residents of the street cannot sleep. (because of)

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2. Vy had a stomachache because she ate a big dinner. (since)

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3. Because it rained heavily, the road in front of my house was flooded. (due to)

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4. His room is untidy, so his mother is unhappy. (because)

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5. Global warming happens when there is too much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. (causes)

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6. Noise pollution happens. There is a change in animals living pattern. (causes)

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7. Radioactive pollution is very dangerous. It can cause abnormal growth. (since)

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8. The area is uninhabirable. The Chernobyl nuclear accident happened. (made)

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9. Fossil fuels such as coal or oil are burned. Acid gases are produced. (so)

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10. Acid rain is dangerous. Tree'leaves are damaged. (because of)

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11. Leaves are damaged. The tree cannot get enough food energy to stay healthy. (because)

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12. There are asthma, allergies and other respiratory illness when air pollution happens. (lead to)

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13. Aquatic life suffers of dies because there is thermal pollution. (because of)

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14. Water in the Cau River becomes brown and has terrible smell because the waste water is released from the paper mill in Thai Nguyen City. (so)

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15. People use too much herbicide to treat weeds, so water in rivers, canals, lakes are axtremely polluted and has bad effects on people's health. (because)

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16. Many fish in the river die due to the increased temperature of water. (because)

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17. Because plastic bags take so long to decompose, nearly all of them still exist in the environment today. (so)

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18. We are unable to see the stars in the sky. Light pollution occurs. (make)

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19. Glass panels, windows, lawns and roofs make light pollution worse. They reflect both artificial and sun light. (because)

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20. All sounds are not noise. Noise is any sound that is unwanted and goes beyond its certain limit, for example, above 80 decibels. (because)

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21. More and more noise is created by modern civilization. It has now become a major environmental pollutant, especially in urban areas. (so)

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22. Contamination in the air happens. There is acid rain which damages soil, vegetation and aquatic life of the region. (cause)

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Write a conditional sentences type 2 for each situation.

1. People throw rubbish in the street. The street doesn't look attractive.

If __________________________________________________

2. There are so many billboards in our city. People cannot enjoy the view.

If __________________________________________________

3. There is so much light in the city at night. We cannot see the stars clearly.

If __________________________________________________

4. We turn on the heater all the time. We have to pay three million dong for electricity a month.

If __________________________________________________

5. The karaoke bar makes so much noise almost every night. The residents complain to its owner.

If __________________________________________________

6. She has a headache after work every day. She works in a noisy office.

If __________________________________________________

II. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. (conditional sentences type 1, 2)

1. If we (recycle) _____ more, we will help the Earth.

2. Factories (not dump) _____ waste into rivers if the government fines them heavily.

3. Students will be more aware of protecting environment if teachers _____ (teach) environmental issues at school.

4. If light pollution ______ (happen), animals will change their behaviour patterns.

5. If people (travel) _____ to work by bus, there will be fewer car fumes.

6. We _____ (save) thousands of trees if we don’t waste paper.

7. If we use water carefully, more people _____ (have) fresh water.

8. The level of radioactive pollution will decrease if we _____ (switch) from nuclear power to renewable energy sources.

9. If the water temperature (increase) _____, some aquatic creatures will be unable to reproduce.

10. People will get more diseases if the water (be) _____ contaminated.

11. If you (be) _____ the president, what would you do to help the environment?

12. They get sick so often. If they (exercise) _____ more, they (be) _____ healtheir.

13. If I had one million US dollars, I (build) _____ more parks in our city.

14. Ngoc’s mother is unhappy. If Ngoc (tidy) _____ her room everyday, her mother (not be) _____ so upset.

15. There isn’t a garden at our house. If there (be) _____, we (grow) _____ vegetables.

16. It (not be) _____ possible to save the Earth if we don’t take action now.

17. If the world temperatures continue to rise, there (be) _____ less snow.

18. If I (be) _____ you, I would wear earplugs when going to the concert.

19. If we do nothing to stop global warming, we (see) _____ big changes in the future.

20. How _____ you _____ (travel) to work if you didn’t have this motorbike?

21. Our garden is so beautiful. There (not be) _____ any flowers if my sister (not take care) _____ it every day.

22. If pigs (have) _____ wings, _____ (they/be able) to fly?

23. If I _____ (be) an astronaut, I _____ (travel) to other planets.

24. If you _____ (not see) Tom ever again, how _____ (you/feel)?

25. What _____ (you/do) if you _____ (see) a ghost?

26. If you _____ (eat) more of this cake, you _____ (be) sick. You’ve already had five slices!

27. Who _____ (you/vote) for if you _____ (be) eighteen?

28. If you _____ (be) late, we _____ (not wait). We’ll have to go without you!

29. If the ozone layer is not protected, we _____ (suffer) from excessive ultraviolet radioation.

30. If you _____ (leave) the lights that you are not using on, you’ll cause over-illumination, a form of light pollution.

31. Soil pollution _____ a serious problem to solve if levels of pollutants in soil go beyond what should be naturally allowed.(be)

32. If your farming land _____ near a landfill or an industrial area, it is essential that you test the soil for pollutants before growing anything adible. (be)

33. You will be less likely to suffer lung cancer if you _____. (not smoke)

34. If it is sunny, we _____ a clean-up of the garden. (do)

35. If local residents _____ cutting trees for wood at this rate, the forest will soon be gone. (keep)

36. If we take good care of the garden, we _____ flowers all year round. (have)

37. If man _____ dumping waste into the sea, they will soon be victims. (keep)

38. We’ll go without Linh if she _____. (not come)

39. If everyone _____ a small contribution, we’ll be able to do a good cause. (make)