Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

          Very few people in the modern world obtain their food supply by hunting and gathering in the natural environment surrounding their homes. This method of harvesting from nature's provision is the oldest known subsistence strategy and has been practised for at least the last two million years. It was, indeed, the only way to obtain food until rudimentary farming and the domestication of wild animals were introduced about 10,000 years ago.

          Because hunter-gatherers have fared poorly in comparison with their agricultural cousins, their numbers have dwindled, and they have been forced to live in marginal environments, such as deserts and arctic wastelands. In higher latitudes, the shorter growing seasons have restricted the availability of plant life. Such conditions have caused a greater dependence on hunting, and on fishing along the coasts and waterways. The abundance of vegetation in the lower latitudes of the tropics, on the other hand, has provided a greater opportunity for gathering a variety of plants. In short, the environmental differences have restricted the diet and have limited possibilities for the development of subsistence societies.

          Contemporary hunter-gatherers may help us understand our prehistoric ancestors. We know from the observation of modern hunter-gatherers in both Africa and Alaska that a society based on hunting and gathering must be very mobile. While the entire community camps in a central location, a smaller party harvests the food within a reasonable distance from the camp. When the food in the area has become exhausted, the community moves on to exploit another site. We also notice seasonal migration patterns evolving for most hunter-gatherers, along with a strict division of labor between the sexes. These patterns of behavior may be similar to those practised by mankind during the Paleolithic Period.

In the lower latitudes of the tropics, hunter- gatherers   ____________.  

A. have better food gathering from nature 

B. live along the coasts and waterways for fishing 

C. harvest shorter seasonal crops 

D. can free themselves from hunting

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer for each of the questions.

Understanding India's Caste System

It has been said that life is what we make of it. In other words, if we work hard and focus on our goals, we can have great careers and enjoy high status is society. However, these opportunities don‟t exist for everyone. In some places, the family you are born into will decide almost everything about your life. India‟s caste system is an example of this.

The caste system is a major part of the Hindu religion that has existed for thousands of years. It is a way of organizing and grouping people based on the occupation of the family. Castes will determine whom people can socialize with and their place in society. Originally, a person‟s caste was supposed to be determined by their personality, but over time it has been linked to their job and family.

There are four classes, also known as varnas, in India‟s caste system. The highest one is Brahmin. People in this class have jobs in education and religion. These are seen as extremely important functions for the society as they deal with the knowledge. The second highest level is the Kshatriya, or ruling class. People from this group can be soldiers, landowners, or have jobs in politics. The class beneath this is the Vaishya. These people often work in the commercial sector as merchants. The fourth class level is the Shudra. Shudras typically work as unskilled labourers doing factory or farm work, or they may also be employed as artists.

There is another group, the Harijan, that is at the bottom and considered to be outside of the caste system. For many years, they were known as Untouchables, people from this caste held the most undesirable jobs in society, such as cleaning up garbage. Furthermore, they weren‟t allowed to pray at public temples or drink water from the same wells as other classes. If someone from another caste came into contact with an Untouchable, they were considered dirty and would be expected to bathe vigorously to clean themselves.

Although the caste system still exists in India, the government is taking steps to improve the living conditions and decrease unemployment rates for the Shudras and Harijan. This includes providing better health care, offering literacy programmes, and making sure that people from higher social classes do not exploit them. It seems unlikely that the caste system will disappear any time soon, but the overall conditions for those at the bottom do seem to be improving.

Question:All of the following are true about the Harijan EXCEPT that ________.

A. they used to be known as Untouchables

B. they had to do undesirable jobs in society

C. any contact between someone from another caste with an Untouchable was considered unacceptable

D. anyone from another caste coming to contact with an Untouchable is not allowed to pray at temples

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions:

She turned the radio on at 7.30. She was still listening to it when her mother came home at 9.00.

A. She has been listening to the radio at 7.30.

B. She had been listening to the radio since 7.30

C. She has been listening to the radio after 7.30

D. She had been listening to the radio by 7.30

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

Perry had a rough childhood. He was physically and sexually abused growing up, got kicked out of high school, and tried to commit suicide ___(31)___ once as a preteen and again at 22. At 23 he move to Atlanta and took ___(32)___ odd jobs as he started working on his stage career.

In 1992 he wrote, produced, and starred in his first theater ___(33)___, I Know I’ve Been Changed, somewhat informed by his difficult upbringing. Perry put all his savings into the show and it failed miserably; the run lasted just one weekend and only 30 people came to watch. He kept up with the production, working more odd jobs and often slept in his car to get by. Six years later, Perry finally ___(34)___ through when, on its seventh run, the show became a success. He‘s since gone on to have an extremely successful career ___(35)___ a director, writer, and actor. In fact, Perry was named Forbes’ highest paid man in the field

Điền ô số 31

A. up

B. off

C. in  

D. to

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions from 17 to 18.

I had to pay through the nose to get my car repaired at a service station in the middle of the desert. 

A. cost a lot of money 

B. pay too much for something 

C. spend less money than usual 

D. make a lot of money 

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

          Human Nutrition is the study of how food affects the health and survival of the human body. Human beings require food to grow, reproduce, and maintain good health. Without food, our bodies could not stay warm, build or repair tissue, or maintain the heartbeat. Eating the right foods can help us avoid certain diseases or recover faster when illness occurs. These and other important functions are fueled by chemical substances in our food called nutrients. Nutrients are classified as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.

          When we eat a meal, nutrients are released from food through digestion. Digestion begins in the mouth by the action of chewing and the chemical activity of saliva, a watery fluid that contains enzymes, certain proteins that help break down food. Further digestion occurs as food travels through the stomach and the small intestine, where digestive enzymes and acids liquefy food and muscle contractions push it along the digestive tract. Nutrients are absorbed from the inside of the small intestine into the bloodstream and carried to the sites in the body where they are needed. At these sites, several chemical reactions occur, which ensures the growth and function of body tissues. The parts of foods that are not absorbed continue to move down the intestinal tract and are eliminated from the body as feces.

          Once digested, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats provide the body with the energy it needs to maintain its many functions. Scientists measure this energy in kilocalories, the amount of energy needed to raise one kilogram of water one degree Celsius. In nutrition discussions, scientists use the term calorie instead of kilocalorie as the standard unit of measure in nutrition.

          Nutrients are classified as essential or nonessential. Nonessential nutrients are manufactured in the body and do not need to be obtained from food. Examples include cholesterol, a fatlike substance present in all animal cells. Essential nutrients must be obtained from food sources, because the body either does not produce them or produces them in amounts too small to maintain growth and health. Essential nutrients include water, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals.

          An individual needs varying amounts of each essential nutrient, depending upon such factors as gender and age. Specific health conditions, such as pregnancy, breast-feeding, illness, or drug use, make unusual demands on the body and increase its need for nutrients. Dietary guidelines, which take many of these factors into account, provide general guidance in meeting daily nutritional needs.           

       From “Human Nutrition” by Worthington-Roberts, Bonnie, Microsoft ® Student 2009.

Through the passage, the author provides the readers with _______.

A. instructions

B. some information

C. some proposal

D. orders

Mark the letter A, B, C, or Don your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions from 24 to 26. 

They had discussion about training not only the new employees but also giving them some challenges. 

A. giving 

B. training not only 

C. some challenges 

D. about 

Read the following passage and mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the blanks.

Volunteering is generally considered an (16) ______ activity and is intended to promote goodness or improve human quality of life. In return, it produces a feeling of self-worth and respect, rather than money. To volunteer simply means to be motivated and give your time or energy to work forwards an undertaking or cause you are interested in. Volunteering (17)______ individuals the chance to explore avenues that would not usually be open to them. This experience enables an exchange of culture and social contact between volunteers and those who benefit. When children volunteer, they often find themselves in a position where responsibility is required. They gain (18)______ when they know they’ve made a real contribution to a project. Research shows those who volunteer just one hour a week are 50 percent less likely to abuse drugs or alcohol, smoke cigarettes or engage in destructive behaviour. (19)______ my humble opinion, voluntary work needs to be integrated into the school curriculum.We need to motivate young people and make sure we create a culture or social activism where we insist that people help their community to empower others, (20)______ themselves.

Điền ô số 18

A. self-reliance

B. self-esteem

C. self confidence

D. self-discipline