\(\begin{array}{l}x - \frac{2}{5} = \frac{1}{2}\\x - \frac{2}{5} + \frac{2}{5} = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{2}{5}\\x = \frac{1}{2} + \frac{2}{5}\\x = \frac{5}{{10}} + \frac{4}{{10}}\\x = \frac{9}{{10}}\end{array}\)

Vậy \(x = \frac{9}{{10}}\).

\(\begin{array}{l}A = \left( {7 - \frac{2}{5} + \frac{1}{3}} \right) - \left( {6 - \frac{4}{3} + \frac{6}{5}} \right) - \left( {2 - \frac{8}{5} + \frac{5}{3}} \right)\\A = 7 - \frac{2}{5} + \frac{1}{3} - 6 + \frac{4}{3} - \frac{6}{5} - 2 + \frac{8}{5} - \frac{5}{3}\\A = \left( {7 - 6 - 2} \right) + \left( { - \frac{2}{5} - \frac{6}{5} + \frac{8}{5}} \right) + \left( {\frac{1}{3} + \frac{4}{3} - \frac{5}{3}} \right)\\A =  - 1 + 0 + 0 =  - 1\end{array}\)

Chú ý:

Trong phép tính chỉ có phép cộng trừ, ta có thể đổi chỗ các số hạng tùy ý kèm theo dấu của chúng.

a) \(\frac{3}{4} + \left( {\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3}} \right) = \frac{9}{{12}} + \left( {\frac{6}{{12}} - \frac{4}{{12}}} \right) = \frac{9}{{12}} + \frac{2}{{12}} = \frac{{11}}{{12}}\)

\(\frac{3}{4} + \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3} = \frac{9}{{12}} + \frac{6}{{12}} - \frac{4}{{12}} = \frac{{15}}{{12}} - \frac{4}{{12}} = \frac{{11}}{{12}}\)

Vậy \(\frac{3}{4} + \left( {\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3}} \right)\) = \(\frac{3}{4} + \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3}\)    

b)\(\frac{2}{3} - \left( {\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3}} \right) = \frac{4}{6} - \left( {\frac{3}{6} + \frac{2}{6}} \right) = \frac{4}{6} - \frac{5}{6} = \frac{{ - 1}}{6}\)

 \(\frac{2}{3} - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3} = \frac{4}{6} - \frac{3}{6} - \frac{2}{6} = \frac{1}{6} - \frac{2}{6} = \frac{{ - 1}}{6}\)

Vậy \(\frac{2}{3} - \left( {\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3}} \right)\)=\(\frac{2}{3} - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{3}\).

`#3107`

`a)`

`3/4 + (1/2 - 1/3)`

`= 3/4 + (3/6 - 2/6)`

`= 3/4 + 1/6`

`= 11/12`

`3/4 + 1/2 - 1/3`

`= 9/12 + 6/12 - 4/12`

`= (9 + 6 - 4)/12`

`= 11/12`

Vì `11/12 = 11/12`

`=> 3/4 + (1/2 - 1/3) = 3/4 + 1/2 - 1/3`

`b)`

`2/3 - (1/2 + 1/3)`

`= 2/3 - (3/6 + 2/6)`

`= 2/3 - 5/6`

`= -1/6`

`2/3 - 1/2 - 1/3`

`= 4/6 - 3/6 - 2/6`

`= (4 - 3 - 2)/6`

`= -1/6`

Vì `-1/6 = -1/6`

`=> 2/3 - (1/2 + 1/3) = 2/3 - 1/2 - 1/3`

a) Tổng khối lượng của Trái Đất và Mặt Trăng là:

\(\begin{array}{l}5,{97.10^{24}} + {\rm{ }}7,{35.10^{22}}\\ = 5,{97.10^2}{.10^{22}} + {\rm{ }}7,{35.10^{22}}\\ = {597.10^{22}} + 7,{35.10^{22}}\\ = \left( {597 + 7,35} \right){.10^{22}}\\ = 604,{35.10^{22}}\end{array}\)

Vậy tổng khối lượng của Trái Đất và Mặt Trăng là: \(604,{35.10^{22}}\)kg

b) Ta có: 3,09.10⁹ = 30,9.10⁸

Vì 8,27 < 30,9 nên 8,27.10⁸ < 30,9.10⁸ hay 8,27.10⁸ < 3,09.10⁹ . Do đó, sao Mộc gần Trái Đất hơn.

a)

\(\frac{{{4^3}{{.9}^7}}}{{{{27}^5}{{.8}^2}}} = \frac{{{{\left( {{2^2}} \right)}^3}.{{\left( {{3^2}} \right)}^7}}}{{{{\left( {{3^3}} \right)}^5}.{{\left( {{2^3}} \right)}^2}}} =\frac{2^{2.3}.3^{2.7}}{3^{3.5}.2^{2.3}}= \frac{{{2^6}{{.3}^{14}}}}{{{3^{15}}{{.2}^6}}} = \frac{1}{3}\)                  

b)

\(\frac{{{{\left( { - 2} \right)}^3}.{{\left( { - 2} \right)}^7}}}{{{{3.4}^6}}} =\frac{(-2)^{3+7}}{3.(2^2)^6}= \frac{{{{\left( { - 2} \right)}^{10}}}}{{3.{{\left( {{2^{2.6}}} \right)}}}} = \frac{{{2^{10}}}}{{{{3.2}^{12}}}} = \frac{1}{{{{3.2}^2}}} = \frac{1}{{12}}\)

c)

\(\begin{array}{l}\frac{{{{\left( {0,2} \right)}^5}.{{\left( {0,09} \right)}^3}}}{{{{\left( {0,2} \right)}^7}.{{\left( {0,3} \right)}^4}}} = \frac{{{{\left( {0,2} \right)}^5}.{{\left[ {{{\left( {0,3} \right)}^2}} \right]}^3}}}{{{{\left( {0,2} \right)}^7}.{{\left( {0,3} \right)}^4}}} = \frac{{{{\left( {0,2} \right)}^5}.{{\left( {0,3} \right)}^6}}}{{{{\left( {0,2} \right)}^7}.{{\left( {0,3} \right)}^4}}}\\ = \frac{{{{\left( {0,3} \right)}^2}}}{{{{\left( {0,2} \right)}^2}}} = \frac{{0,9}}{{0,4}} = \frac{9}{4}\end{array}\)    

d)

Cách 1: \(\frac{{{2^3} + {2^4} + {2^5}}}{{{7^2}}} = \frac{{8 + 16 + 32}}{{49}} = \frac{{56}}{{49}} = \frac{8}{7}\)

Cách 2: \(\frac{{{2^3} + {2^4} + {2^5}}}{{{7^2}}} = \frac{{2^3.(1+2+2^2)}}{{7^2}} = \frac{{2^3.7}}{{7^2}} = \frac{8}{7}\)

a)\({\left( {\frac{2}{5} + \frac{1}{2}} \right)^2} = {\left( {\frac{4}{{10}} + \frac{5}{{10}}} \right)^2} = {\left( {\frac{9}{{10}}} \right)^2} = \frac{{81}}{{100}}\);               

 b)\({\left( {0,75 - 1\frac{1}{2}} \right)^3} = {\left( {\frac{3}{4} - \frac{3}{2}} \right)^3} = {\left( {\frac{3}{4} - \frac{6}{4}} \right)^3} = {\left( { - \frac{3}{4}} \right)^3} = \frac{{ - 27}}{{64}};\)

c)

\(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {\frac{3}{5}} \right)^{15}}:{\left( {0,36} \right)^5} = {\left( {\frac{3}{5}} \right)^{15}}:{\left( {\frac{9}{{25}}} \right)^5}\\ = {\left( {\frac{3}{5}} \right)^{15}}:{\left[ {{{\left( {\frac{3}{5}} \right)}^2}} \right]^5} = {\left( {\frac{3}{5}} \right)^{15}}:{\left( {\frac{3}{5}} \right)^{10}} = {\left( {\frac{3}{5}} \right)^5}\end{array}\)

d) \({\left( {1 - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^8}:{\left( {\frac{4}{9}} \right)^3} = {\left( {\frac{3}{3} - \frac{1}{3}} \right)^8}:{\left( ({\frac{2}{3}})^2 \right)^3}\\= {\left( {\frac{2}{3}} \right)^8}:{\left( {\frac{2}{3}} \right)^6} = {\left( {\frac{2}{3}} \right)^{8-6}}\\= {\left( {\frac{2}{3}} \right)^2} = \frac{4}{9}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}a)\left[ {{{\left( {\dfrac{3}{7}} \right)}^4}.{{\left( {\dfrac{3}{7}} \right)}^5}} \right]:{\left( {\dfrac{3}{7}} \right)^7}\\ = {\left( {\dfrac{3}{7}} \right)^{4 + 5}}:{\left( {\dfrac{3}{7}} \right)^7}\\ = {\left( {\dfrac{3}{7}} \right)^9}:{\left( {\dfrac{3}{7}} \right)^7}\\ = {\left( {\dfrac{3}{7}} \right)^{9-7}}\\= {\left( {\dfrac{3}{7}} \right)^2}\\b)\left[ {{{\left( {\dfrac{7}{8}} \right)}^5}:{{\left( {\dfrac{7}{8}} \right)}^4}} \right].\left( {\dfrac{7}{8}} \right)\\ = {\left( {\dfrac{7}{8}} \right)^{5 - 4}}.\left( {\dfrac{7}{8}} \right)\\ = \left( {\dfrac{7}{8}} \right).\left( {\dfrac{7}{8}} \right)\\ = {\left( {\dfrac{7}{8}} \right)^2}\\c)\left[ {{{\left( {0,6} \right)}^3}.{{\left( {0,6} \right)}^8}} \right]:\left[ {{{\left( {0,6} \right)}^7}.{{\left( {0,6} \right)}^2}} \right]\\ = {\left( {0,6} \right)^{3 + 8}}:{\left( {0,6} \right)^{7 + 2}}\\ = {\left( {0,6} \right)^{11}}:{\left( {0,6} \right)^9}\\ = {\left( {0,6} \right)^{11-9}}\\={\left( {0,6} \right)^2}.\end{array}\)

Ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}M = \left( {{{10}^2} - 1} \right).\left( {{{10}^2} - {2^2}} \right).\left( {{{10}^2} - {3^2}} \right).\,\,...\left( {{{10}^2} - {{10}^2}} \right)..\,\,.\left( {100 - {{50}^2}} \right)\\ = \left( {{{10}^2} - 1} \right).\left( {{{10}^2} - {2^2}} \right).\left( {{{10}^2} - {3^2}} \right).... 0 ...\left( {100 - {{50}^2}} \right)\\ = 0\end{array}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {0,25} \right)^8} = {\left[ {{{\left( {0,5} \right)}^2}} \right]^8}=(0,5)^{2.8} = {\left( {0,5} \right)^{16}};\\{\left( {0,125} \right)^4} = {\left[ {{{\left( {0,5} \right)}^3}} \right]^4} =(0,5)^{3.4}= {\left( {0,5} \right)^{12}};\\{\left( {0,0625} \right)^2} = {\left[ {{{\left( {0,5} \right)}^4}} \right]^2} =(0,5)^{4.2}= {\left( {0,5} \right)^8}\end{array}\)

a)

\(\begin{array}{l}x:{\left( {\frac{{ - 1}}{2}} \right)^3} =  - \frac{1}{2}\\x =  - \frac{1}{2}.{\left( {\frac{{ - 1}}{2}} \right)^3}\\x = {\left( {\frac{{ - 1}}{2}} \right)^4}\\x = \frac{1}{{16}}\end{array}\)              

Vậy \(x = \frac{1}{{16}}\).

 b)

\(\begin{array}{l}x.{\left( {\frac{3}{5}} \right)^7} = {\left( {\frac{3}{5}} \right)^9}\\x = {\left( {\frac{3}{5}} \right)^9}:{\left( {\frac{3}{5}} \right)^7}\\x = {\left( {\frac{3}{5}} \right)^2}\\x = \frac{9}{{25}}\end{array}\)

Vậy \(x = \frac{9}{{25}}\).

c)

\(\begin{array}{l}{\left( {\frac{{ - 2}}{3}} \right)^{11}}:x = {\left( {\frac{{ - 2}}{3}} \right)^9}\\x = {\left( {\frac{{ - 2}}{3}} \right)^{11}}:{\left( {\frac{{ - 2}}{3}} \right)^9}\\x = {\left( {\frac{{ - 2}}{3}} \right)^2}\\x = \frac{4}{9}.\end{array}\)         

Vậy \(x = \frac{4}{9}\).

d)

\(\begin{array}{l}x.{\left( {0,25} \right)^6} = {\left( {\frac{1}{4}} \right)^8}\\x.{\left( {\frac{1}{4}} \right)^6} = {\left( {\frac{1}{4}} \right)^8}\\x = {\left( {\frac{1}{4}} \right)^8}:{\left( {\frac{1}{4}} \right)^6}\\x = {\left( {\frac{1}{4}} \right)^2}\\x = \frac{1}{{16}}\end{array}\)

Vậy \(x = \frac{1}{{16}}\).