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Ta có: 1/1.2 = 1- 1/2
1/3.4 = 1/3 - 1/4
...............
1/19.20 = 1/19 - 1/20
Cộng vế với vế ta đc:
A = 1- 1/20 = 19/20
\(A=\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{5.6}+...+\frac{1}{17.18}+\frac{1}{19.20}\)
\(A=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{17}-\frac{1}{18}+\frac{1}{19}-\frac{1}{20}\)
\(A=\left(1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{17}+\frac{1}{19}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{6}+..+\frac{1}{18}+\frac{1}{20}\right)\)
\(A=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{17}+\frac{1}{18}+\frac{1}{19}+\frac{1}{20}\right)-2\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{18}+\frac{1}{20}\right)\)
\(A=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+...+\frac{1}{20}\right)-\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{10}\right)\)
\(A=\frac{1}{11}+\frac{1}{12}+\frac{1}{13}+...+\frac{1}{19}+\frac{1}{20}\)
\(\frac{A}{B}=1\)
\(A=\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{18.19}+\frac{1}{19.20}\)
\(A=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{18}-\frac{1}{19}+\frac{1}{19}-\frac{1}{20}\)
\(A=1-\frac{1}{20}\)
\(A=\frac{19}{20}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{19}-\frac{1}{20}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{20}\)
\(=\frac{19}{20}\)
\(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{49.50}=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{49}-\frac{1}{60}\)
\(=1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{49}-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{50}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{50}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{50}+\frac{1}{50}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{50}\right)-2\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{50}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{50}\right)-\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{25}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{26}+\frac{1}{27}+...+\frac{1}{50}\)
2/ \(A=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{12}+\frac{1}{5.6}+...+\frac{1}{99.100}\)
\(A=\frac{7}{12}+\frac{1}{5.6}+\frac{1}{7.8}+...+\frac{1}{99.100}>\frac{7}{12}\)
Tương tự câu trên ta có: \(A=\frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+...+\frac{1}{100}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{51}+...+\frac{1}{60}+\frac{1}{61}+...+\frac{1}{70}+\frac{1}{71}+...+\frac{1}{80}+\frac{1}{81}+...+\frac{1}{90}+\frac{1}{91}+...+\frac{1}{100}\)
\(A< \frac{1}{50}+...+\frac{1}{50}+\frac{1}{60}+...+\frac{1}{60}+\frac{1}{70}+...+\frac{1}{70}+\frac{1}{80}+...+\frac{1}{80}+\frac{1}{90}+...+\frac{1}{90}\)
\(A< 10.\frac{1}{50}+10.\frac{1}{60}+10.\frac{1}{70}+10.\frac{1}{80}+10.\frac{1}{90}\)
\(A< \frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{7}+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{9}< \frac{5}{6}\)
\(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{3.4}+......+\frac{1}{49.50}=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-....+\frac{1}{49}-\frac{1}{50}=\left(1+\frac{1}{3}+....+\frac{1}{49}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+.....+\frac{1}{50}\right)=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+.....+\frac{1}{50}\right)-2\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{50}\right)=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+....+\frac{1}{50}\right)-\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+....+\frac{1}{25}\right)=\frac{1}{26}+\frac{1}{27}+....+\frac{1}{50}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(theocaua\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{26}+\frac{1}{27}+......+\frac{1}{50}>\frac{1}{30}+\frac{1}{30}+...+\frac{1}{30}\left(5sohang\right)+\frac{1}{40}+\frac{1}{40}+....+\frac{1}{40}\left(10sohang\right)+\frac{1}{50}+\frac{1}{50}+....+\frac{1}{50}\left(10sohang\right)=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6}=\frac{37}{60}>\frac{35}{60}=\frac{7}{12}\left(1\right)\)
\(A=\frac{1}{26}+\frac{1}{27}+....+\frac{1}{50}< \frac{1}{25}+\frac{1}{25}+...+\frac{1}{25}\left(5sohang\right)+\frac{1}{30}+\frac{1}{30}+....+\frac{1}{30}\left(10sohang\right)+\frac{1}{40}+\frac{1}{40}+.....+\frac{1}{40}\left(10sohang\right)=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{5}=\frac{47}{60}< \frac{5}{6}=\frac{50}{60}\left(2\right)\) \(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\frac{7}{12}< A< \frac{5}{6}\)
Bài giải
a)
Xét phân số 1/[n(n+1)] với n lẻ.
Ta có:
1/[n(n+1)] = 1/n - 1/(n+1)
Vậy:
1/(1.2) = 1/1 - 1/2
1/(3.4) = 1/3 - 1/4
1/(5.6) = 1/5 - 1/6
...
1/(49.50) = 1/49 - 1/50
Suy ra:
1/(1.2) + 1/(3.4) + 1/(5.6) + ... + 1/(49.50)
= (1 - 1/2) + (1/3 - 1/4) + (1/5 - 1/6) + ... + (1/49 - 1/50)
= (1 + 1/3 + 1/5 + ... + 1/49) - (1/2 + 1/4 + 1/6 + ... + 1/50)
Mà:
(1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + ... + 1/50) - (1/2 + 1/4 + 1/6 + ... + 1/50)
= 1 + 1/3 + 1/5 + ... + 1/49
Nên:
1/(1.2) + 1/(3.4) + ... + 1/(49.50)
= (1 + 1/3 + 1/5 + ... + 1/49) - (1/2 + 1/4 + ... + 1/50)
= (1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + ... + 1/50) - 2(1/2 + 1/4 + ... + 1/50)
= (1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + ... + 1/50) - (1 + 1/2 + ... + 1/25)/?
Sau khi sắp xếp lại, ta thu được:
= 1/26 + 1/27 + ... + 1/50
Đpcm.
b)
Gọi A = 1/(1.2) + 1/(3.4) + 1/(5.6) + ... + 1/(99.100)
Theo kết quả a), ta có:
A = 1/51 + 1/52 + 1/53 + ... + 1/100
Có tất cả 50 số hạng.
- Mỗi số hạng lớn hơn hoặc bằng 1/100
→ A > 50.1/100 = 1/2 - Mỗi số hạng nhỏ hơn hoặc bằng 1/51
→ A < 50.1/51 ≈ 50/51
Mà:
7/12 = 0,5833...
5/6 = 0,8333...
1/2 = 0,5
50/51 ≈ 0,9803
Vậy ta có:
7/12 < A < 5/6
Đpcm.
a) \(A=\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{99.100}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{99}-\frac{1}{100}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{100}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1\)
b) \(B=\frac{1}{3}+\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^2+...+\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow3B=1+\frac{1}{3}+...+\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^{99}\)
\(\Rightarrow3B-B=1-\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow2B=1-\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^{100}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow2B< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow B< \frac{1}{2}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{99}-\frac{1}{100}=\left(\frac{1}{1}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{99}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{100}\right)\)
\(A=\left(1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{99}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{100}\right)-2.\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{100}\right)\)
\(A=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{100}\right)-\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{50}\right)=\frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+...+\frac{1}{100}\)
+) \(A=\left(\frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+...+\frac{1}{75}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{76}+...+\frac{1}{100}\right)>\left(\frac{1}{75}+...+\frac{1}{75}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{100}+...+\frac{1}{100}\right)\)
=> \(A>\frac{25}{75}+\frac{25}{100}=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{7}{12}\)
+) \(A=\left(\frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+...+\frac{1}{75}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{76}+...+\frac{1}{100}\right)<\left(\frac{1}{50}+...+\frac{1}{50}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{75}+...+\frac{1}{75}\right)\)
=> \(A<\frac{25}{50}+\frac{25}{100}=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{3}{4}<\frac{5}{6}\)
Vậy...
Chứng minh : \(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{5.6}+...+\frac{1}{49.50}=\frac{1}{26}+\frac{1}{27}+\frac{1}{28}+...+\frac{1}{50}\): như câu trên
Tính tử số:
\(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{19.20}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{19}-\frac{1}{20}\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{19}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{20}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{20}-2\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{20}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{1}{2}+...+\frac{1}{20}-\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+...+\frac{1}{10}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{11}+\frac{1}{12}+...+\frac{1}{20}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{\frac{1}{11}+\frac{1}{12}+...+\frac{1}{20}}{\frac{1}{11}+\frac{1}{12}+...+\frac{1}{20}}=1\)