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Đặt \(x-y=a;y-z=b;\Rightarrow z-x=-b-a\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-y\right)^5+\left(y-z\right)^5+\left(z-x\right)^5=a^5+b^5+\left(-a-b\right)^5\)
\(=\left(a^5+b^5\right)+\left(-a^5-5a^4b-10a^3b^2-10a^2b^3-5ab^4-b^5\right)\)
\(=-5a^4b-10a^3b^2-10a^2b^3-5ab^4\)
\(=-5ab\left(a^3+2a^2b+2ab^2+b^3\right)\)
\(=-5ab\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)+2ab\left(a+b\right)\right]\)
\(=-5ab\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2+a+b\right)⋮-5ab\left(-a-b\right)\)
Hay \(\left(x-y\right)^5+\left(y-z\right)^5+\left(z-x\right)^5⋮5\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)\)(đpcm)
\(x^5-x=x\left(x^4-1\right)=x\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)=x\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-4+5\right)=x\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-4\right)+5x\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)=\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)+5x\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
Do \(\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\) là tích 5 số tự nhiên liên tiếp nên có 1 số chia hết cho 5, một số chia hết cho 2 và một số chia hết cho 3\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)⋮2.3.5=30\)
Mặt khác: \(x\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\) là tích 3 số tự nhiên liên tiếp nên có một số chia hết cho 2 và một số chia hết cho 3
\(\Rightarrow x\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)⋮6\)\(\Rightarrow5x\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)⋮5.6=30\)
\(\Rightarrow x^5-x=\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)x\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)+5x\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)⋮30\)
CMTT \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y^5-y⋮30\\z^5-z⋮30\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^5+y^5+z^5\right)-\left(x+y+z\right)⋮30\)
Mà \(x+y+z=2010⋮30\)
\(\Rightarrow x^5+y^5+z^5⋮30\)
đặt \(\frac{x-y}{z}=a;\frac{y-z}{x}=b;\frac{z-x}{y}=c\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{z}{x-y}=\frac{1}{a};\frac{x}{y-z}=\frac{1}{b};\frac{y}{z-x}=\frac{1}{c}\)
Ta có : \(A=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(A=1+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{b}+1+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{c}+1=3+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{a+c}{b}+\frac{a+b}{c}\)
Ta có : \(\frac{b+c}{a}=\left(b+c\right)\frac{1}{a}=\left(\frac{y-z}{x}+\frac{z-x}{y}\right)\frac{z}{x-y}=\frac{y^2-yz+xz-x^2}{xy}.\frac{z}{x-y}=\frac{\left(y-x\right)\left(x+y-z\right)}{xy}.\frac{z}{x-y}=\frac{\left(z-x-y\right)z}{xy}=\frac{2z^2}{xy}\)vì x + y + z = 0 \(\Rightarrow\)z = -x - y
Tương tự : \(\frac{a+c}{b}=\frac{2x^2}{yz}\); \(\frac{a+b}{c}=\frac{2y^2}{xz}\)
\(\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{a+c}{b}+\frac{a+b}{c}=\frac{2z^2}{xy}+\frac{2x^2}{yz}+\frac{2y^2}{xz}=\frac{2\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)}{xyz}=\frac{2.3xyz}{xyz}=6\)( vì x + y + z = 0 \(\Rightarrow\)x3 + y3 + z3 = 3xyz )
Vậy A = 3 + 6 = 9
cho x,y,z nguyên và (x-y)*(y-z)*(z-x)=m. Chứng minh rằng: (x-y)^3 + (y-z)^3 + (z-x)^3 chia hết cho m
Một bài toán "lừa" người ta:
Đặt \(a=x-y,b=y-z,c=z-x\Rightarrow a+b+c=0\).
Ta có hằng đẳng thức \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\).
Trong trường hợp này thì \(a+b+c=0\) nên suy ra đpcm.
Bài 1:
x5y-xy5=xy(x4-y4)=xy(x4-1+y4+1)
=xy(x4-1)-xy(y4-1)=xy(x2-1)(x2+1)-xy(y2-1)(y2+1)
=xy(x-1)(x+1)(x2+1)-xy(y-1)(y+1)(y2-1)
Mà:xy(x-1)(x+1)(x2+1) chia hết 2;3;5
=>xy(x-1)(x+1)(x2+1) chia hết cho 30
Cmtt:xy(y-1)(y+1)(y2+1) chia hết cho 30
Nên x5y-xy5 chia hết cho 30
Bài 2:
x2+y2+z2=y(x+z)
<=>x2+y2+z2-yx-yz=0
<=>2x2+2y2+2z2-2yx-2yz=0
<=>(x – y)2 + (y – z)2 + x2 + z2 = 0
<=>x – y = y – z = x = z = 0
<=>x=y=z=0
Ta đặt \(A=\left(x-y\right)^5+\left(y-z\right)^5+\left(z-x\right)^5\) . Ta sẽ phân tích A thành nhân tử:
\(A=\left(x-y+y-z\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^4-\left(x-y\right)^3\left(y-z\right)+...-\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)^3+\left(y-z\right)^4\right]\)+ \(\left(z-x\right)^5\)
\(A=\left(x-z\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^4-\left(x-y\right)^3\left(y-z\right)+...-\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)^3+\left(y-z\right)^4\right]\)+ \(\left(z-x\right)^5\)
\(A=\left(x-z\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^4-\left(x-y\right)^3\left(y-z\right)+...-\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)^3+\left(y-z\right)^4-\left(z-x\right)^4\right]\)
\(A=\left(x-z\right).B\)
Ta phân tích \(\left(y-z\right)^4-\left(z-x\right)^4=\left[\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\right]\left(x+y-2z\right)\left(y-x\right)\)
và \(\left(x-y\right)^4-\left(x-y\right)^3\left(y-z\right)+...-\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)^3\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^3-\left(x-y\right)^2\left(y-z\right)+\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)^2-\left(y-z\right)^3\right]\)
Đặt \(C=\left(x-y\right)^3-\left(x-y\right)^2\left(y-z\right)+\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)^2-\left(y-z\right)^3\)
\(D=\left[\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\right]\left(x-z+y-z\right)\)
\(=\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^3-\left(z-x\right)^3+\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)^2\)
\(C-D=\left(y-z\right)\left[-\left(x-y\right)^2-3\left(y-z\right)^2-\left(z-x\right)^2-\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)\left(z-x\right)-\left(z-x\right)^2\right]\)
\(=\left(y-z\right)\left[5\left(-x^2+xy-y^2-z^2+yz+zx\right)\right]\)
Vậy \(A=5\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)\)
Vậy \(A=\left(x-z\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)\)
nên chia hết cho \(5\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)\)
e ko hỉu khúc C-D cho lắm