Cho 3 số a, b, c khác 0 thỏa mãn ab+bc+ca=0.
Hãy tính N= bc/a2 + ac/b2 + ab/c2
Hộ em nha chị .
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\(N=\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^3+\left(bc\right)^3+\left(ca\right)^3}{\left(ab\right)\left(bc\right)\left(ca\right)}\)
Đặt \(\left(ab;bc;ca\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=0\Rightarrow N=\dfrac{x^3+y^3+z^3}{xyz}\)
\(N=\dfrac{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz+3xyz}{xyz}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\right]+3xyz}{xyz}=\dfrac{3xyz}{xyz}=3\)
\(\dfrac{ab}{a+b}=\dfrac{bc}{b+c}=\dfrac{ca}{c+a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1+1+1}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{3}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{3}{1}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{a^3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=a^3=\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^3=\dfrac{1}{27}\)
Cho a,b,c khác 0 và thỏa mãn ab+bc+ca=0
Hãy tính : \(P=\frac{bc}{a^2}+\frac{ac}{b^2}+\frac{ab}{c^2}\)
\(ab+bc+ca=0\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\)(vì \(a,b,c\ne0\))
Ta có hằng đẳng thức: \(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)\)
nên \(x+y+z=0\)thì \(x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\)
Từ đó suy ra \(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{3}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{abc}{a^3}+\frac{abc}{b^3}+\frac{abc}{c^3}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\frac{bc}{a^2}+\frac{ac}{b^2}+\frac{ab}{c^2}=3\)
\(P=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ca}\ge\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{ab+bc+ca}=1\)
\(P_{min}=1\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{9}{ab+bc+ca}-2\)
Do \(a;b\ge1\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\ge0\Rightarrow ab\ge a+b-1=2-c\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+c\left(a+b\right)\ge2-c+c\left(3-c\right)=-c^2+2c+2=c\left(2-c\right)+2\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{9}{2}-2=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
\(P_{max}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(1;2;0\right);\left(2;1;0\right)\)
Đặt \(P=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2+ab}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2+bc}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2+ca}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2+ab}=a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+b^2+ab}\ge a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{3\sqrt[3]{a^3b^3}}=a-\dfrac{a+b}{3}=\dfrac{2a-b}{3}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2+bc}\ge\dfrac{2b-c}{3}\) ; \(\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2+ca}\ge\dfrac{2c-a}{3}\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}=673\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=673\)
ta có \(ab+bc+ca=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{abc}+\frac{bc}{abc}+\frac{ca}{abc}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=0\)
hay \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\)
đặt \(\frac{1}{a}=x;\frac{1}{b}=y;\frac{1}{c}=z\) ta có:
\(x+y+z=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y=-z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3=\left(-z\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3=-z^3\)
ta lại có: \(x^3+y^3+z^3\)
\(=x^3+y^3-\left(x+y\right)^3\)
\(=x^3+y^3-x^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)-y^3\)
\(=-3xy\left(-z\right)\)
\(=3xyz\)
từ đây suy ra \(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{3}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{abc}{a^3}+\frac{abc}{b^3}+\frac{abc}{c^3}=\frac{bc}{a^2}+\frac{ac}{b^2}+\frac{ba}{c^2}=\frac{3abc}{abc}\) \(=3\) ( nhân với abc cho cả 2 vế của biểu thức )
vậy \(N=3\)