1. CM:
a) Nếu \(\frac{a+b}{a-b}=\frac{c+a}{c-a}\) thì \(a^2=bc\)
b) Nếu \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\) thì \(\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a^2-b^2}=\frac{\left(c+d\right)^2}{c^2-d^2}\)
c) Nếu \(\frac{a-c}{b-c}=\frac{b+c}{a+c}\)thì a=b
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\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^2=\left(\frac{c}{d}\right)^2=\frac{a^2}{b^2}=\frac{c^2}{d^2}=\frac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}\)(T/c dãy tỷ số = nhau)(1)
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{a+b}{c+d}\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^2=\left(\frac{c}{d}\right)^2=\left(\frac{a+c}{b+d}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{a^2}{b^2}=\frac{c^2}{d^2}=\frac{\left(a+c\right)^2}{\left(b+d\right)^2}\)(2)
Từ )1) và (2) =>\(\frac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\frac{\left(a+c\right)^2}{\left(b+d\right)^2}\)
\(VT=\frac{b-a+a-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{c-b+b-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{a-c+c-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-1}{a-c}+\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{-1}{b-a}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{-1}{c-b}+\frac{1}{c-a}\)
\(=\frac{2}{a-b}+\frac{2}{b-c}+\frac{2}{c-a}=VP\)
Ta có : \(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{\left(a-c\right)-\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{a-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}-\frac{a-b}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{a-b}-\frac{1}{a-c}=\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{c-a}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta cũng chứng minh được :
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}=\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{a-b}\left(2\right)\\\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{b-c}\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
Từ (1), (2), (3), suy ra : \(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{b-c}\)
\(=\frac{2}{a-b}+\frac{2}{b-c}+\frac{2}{c-a}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Ta có ; \(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{\left(a-c\right)-\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{1}{a-b}-\frac{1}{a-c}=\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{c-a}\)
\(\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}=\frac{\left(b-a\right)-\left(b-c\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}=\frac{1}{b-c}-\frac{1}{b-a}=\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{a-b}\)
\(\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\frac{\left(c-b\right)-\left(c-a\right)}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\frac{1}{c-a}-\frac{1}{c-b}=\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{b-c}\)
Cộng các vế lại với nhau được điều phải chứng minh.
A , B , C khác nhau thì bạn làm sao có thể cho : A-C = B đc ?
Ta có:
\(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(=-\left(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}\right)\)
\(=2.\frac{-a^2-b^2-c^2+ab+bc+ca}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(=2.\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)+\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)+\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2}{a-b}+\frac{2}{b-c}+\frac{2}{c-a}\)
\(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{a-c-\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{c-a}\)
\(\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}=\frac{\left(b-a\right)-\left(b-c\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}=\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{a-b}\)
\(\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\frac{\left(c-b\right)-\left(c-a\right)}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{b-c}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 đẳng thức trên ta có đpcm.
\(\frac{a}{b-c}+\frac{b}{c-a}+\frac{c}{a-b}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b-c}=-\frac{b}{c-a}-\frac{c}{a-b}\)
\(=\frac{b}{a-c}+\frac{c}{b-a}\)
\(=\frac{b^2-ab+ac-c^2}{\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2}=\frac{b^2-ab+ac-c^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\) ( 1 )
Tương tự,ta có:
\(\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}=\frac{c^2-ba+ba-a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\) ( 2 )
\(\frac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=\frac{a^2-ac+cb-b^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\) ( 3 )
Cộng vế theo vế của ( 1 );( 2 );( 3 ) suy ra đpcm