so sánh hai phân số \(\dfrac{1}{n}\) và \(\dfrac{1}{n+1}\)
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(a,\dfrac{11}{49}< \dfrac{11}{46};\dfrac{11}{46}< \dfrac{13}{46}\\ Nên:\dfrac{11}{49}< \dfrac{13}{46}\\ b,\dfrac{62}{85}< \dfrac{62}{80};\dfrac{62}{80}< \dfrac{73}{80}\\ Nên:\dfrac{62}{85}< \dfrac{73}{80}\\ c,\dfrac{n}{n+3}< \dfrac{n}{n+2};\dfrac{n}{n+2}< \dfrac{n+1}{n+2}\\ Nên:\dfrac{n}{n+3}< \dfrac{n+1}{n+2}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có :
\(P=\dfrac{n!}{\left(n-1\right)!\left(n+1\right)}=\dfrac{1.2.3...\left(n-2\right)\left(n-1\right).n}{1.2.3...\left(n-2\right)\left(n-1\right).\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{n}{n+1}\)
Ta cũng có :
\(Q=\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)!-n!}{\left(n+1\right)!+n!}=\dfrac{1.2.3..n\left(n+1\right)-1.2.3...n}{1.2.3..n\left(n+1\right)+1.2.3...n}\)
\(\Rightarrow Q=\dfrac{1.2.3...n\left(n+1-1\right)}{1.2.3...n\left(n+1+1\right)}=\dfrac{n}{n+2}\)
Do \(n+1< n+2\Rightarrow\dfrac{n}{n+1}>\dfrac{n}{n+2}\).
Vậy : \(P>Q\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
`(1/243)^9 = [1/(3^5)]^9 = [(1/3)^5]^9=(1/3)^13`
Vì: `1/3 > 1/83`
`=> (1/3)^13 > 1/(83)^13`.
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(a,\dfrac{a}{b}>1\Leftrightarrow a>1\cdot b=b\\ \dfrac{a}{b}< 1\Leftrightarrow a< 1\cdot b=b\\ b,\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a\left(b+1\right)}{b\left(b+1\right)}=\dfrac{ab+a}{b^2+b}\\ \dfrac{a+1}{b+1}=\dfrac{b\left(a+1\right)}{b\left(b+1\right)}=\dfrac{ab+b}{b^2+b}\\ \forall a=b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a+1}{b+1}\\ \forall a>b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{a+1}{b+1}\\ \forall a< b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+1}{b+1}\)
\(c,\forall a>b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}-1=\dfrac{a-b}{b}>\dfrac{a-b}{b+n}\left(b< b+n;a-b>0\right)=\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}-1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\\ \forall a< b\Leftrightarrow1-\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b-a}{b}>\dfrac{b-a}{b+n}\left(b< b+n;b-a>0\right)=1-\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\\ \Leftrightarrow1-\dfrac{a}{b}>1-\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\\ \forall a=b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}=\dfrac{a}{b}\left(=1\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\dfrac{n}{n+3}-\dfrac{n-1}{n+4}\)
\(=\dfrac{n^2+4n-n^2-2n+3}{\left(n+4\right)\left(n+3\right)}=\dfrac{2n+3}{\left(n+4\right)\left(n+3\right)}>0\)
=>n/n+3>(n-1)/(n+4)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Lời giải:
$\frac{n+3}{n+4}=\frac{(n+4)-1}{n+4}=1-\frac{1}{n+4}$
$\frac{n+1}{n+2}=\frac{(n+2)-1}{n+2}=1-\frac{1}{n+2}$
Vì $n+4> n+2$ nên $\frac{1}{n+4}< \frac{1}{n+2}$
Suy ra $1-\frac{1}{n+4}> 1-\frac{1}{n+2}$
Hay $\frac{n+3}{n+4}> \frac{n+1}{n+2}$
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$\frac{n-1}{n+4}< \frac{n-1}{n+2}=\frac{(n+2)-3}{n+2}=1-\frac{3}{n+2}$
$<1-\frac{n+3}=\frac{n}{n+3}$
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
1: B là số nguyên
=>n-3 thuộc {1;-1;5;-5}
=>n thuộc {4;2;8;-2}
3:
a: -72/90=-4/5
b: 25*11/22*35
\(=\dfrac{25}{35}\cdot\dfrac{11}{22}=\dfrac{5}{7}\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{5}{14}\)
c: \(\dfrac{6\cdot9-2\cdot17}{63\cdot3-119}=\dfrac{54-34}{189-119}=\dfrac{20}{70}=\dfrac{2}{7}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) \(\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{3\times4}{4\times4}=\dfrac{12}{16}\)
b) \(\dfrac{1}{3}=\dfrac{1\times3}{3\times3}=\dfrac{3}{9}\)
c) \(\dfrac{5}{6}=\dfrac{5\times3}{6\times3}=\dfrac{15}{18}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Lời giải:
a) Xét hiệu \(\frac{a+n}{b+n}-\frac{a}{b}=\frac{(a+n).b-a(b+n)}{b(b+n)}=\frac{n(b-a)}{b(b+n)}\)
Nếu $b>a$ thì $\frac{a+n}{b+n}-\frac{a}{b}>0\Rightarrow \frac{a+n}{b+n}>\frac{a}{b}$
Nếu $b<a$ thì $\frac{a+n}{b+n}-\frac{a}{b}<0\Rightarrow \frac{a+n}{b+n}<\frac{a}{b}$
Nếu $b=a$ thì $\frac{a+n}{b+n}-\frac{a}{b}=0\Rightarrow \frac{a+n}{b+n}=\frac{a}{b}$
b) Rõ ràng $10^{11}-1< 10^{12}-1$.
Đặt $10^{11}-1=a; 10^{12}-1=b; 11=n$ thì: $a< b$; $A=\frac{a}{b}$ và $B=\frac{10^{11}+10}{10^{12}+10}=\frac{a+n}{b+n}$
Áp dụng kết quả phần a:
$b>a\Rightarrow \frac{a+n}{b+n}>\frac{a}{b}$ hay $B>A$
Vì n + 1 nên \(\dfrac{1}{n}>\dfrac{1}{n+1}\)
- Xét n = 0 hoặc n = -1 thì một trong 2 phân số đều không tồn tại
- Trong trường hợp 2 phân số đều có nghĩa thì `n < n+1`
=> \(\dfrac{1}{n}>\dfrac{1}{n+1}\)
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Lưu ý: Phân số có cùng tử số thì mẫu phân số nào bé hơn thì giá trị phân số đó lớn hơn