câu 8: cho bột magie tác dụng vừa đủ với 250 gam dd HCL 7,3%. Tính :
a. khối lượng magie đã tham gia phản ứng? thể tích khí thoát ra sau phản ứng (ở đkc)?
b. nồng độ phần trăm chất tan có trg dd thu đc sau phản ứng ?
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a, \(m_{HCl}=150.7,3\%=10,95\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{10,95}{36,5}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Mg}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Mg}=0,15.24=3,6\left(g\right)\)
b, \(V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
c, Ta có: m dd sau pư = 3,6 + 150 - 0,15.2 = 153,3 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,15.95}{153,3}.100\%\approx9,3\%\)
nAl= 0,5(mol)
a) PTHH: 2 Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2
nHCl= 6/2 . 0,5= 1,5(mol)
=>mHCl= 1,5.36,5=54,75(mol)
=> mddHCl= (54,75.100)/18,25=300(g)
b) nH2= 3/2. 0,5=0,75(mol)
=>V(H2,đktc)=0,75.22,4=16,8(l)
c) nAlCl3= nAl= 0,5(mol) -> mAlCl3=0,5. 133,5=66,75(g)
mddAlCl3=mAl+ mddHCl - mH2= 13,5 + 300-0,75.2=312(g)
=> \(C\%ddAlCl3=\dfrac{66,75}{312}.100\approx21,394\%\)
a) \(n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{21,2}{106}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Na2CO3 + 2HCl --> 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O
0,2------------------>0,4---->0,2
mdd sau pư = 200 + 21,2 - 0,2.44 = 212,4(g)
=> \(C\%\left(NaCl\right)=\dfrac{0,4.58,5}{212,4}.100\%=11,017\%\)
$PTHH:Na_2CO_3+2HCl\to 2NaCl+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow$
$n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{21,2}{106}=0,2(mol)$
Theo PT: $n_{NaCl}=n_{CO_2}=0,2(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{NaCl}=0,4.58,5=23,4(g);m_{CO_2}=0,2.44=8,8(g)$
$\Rightarrow C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{23,4}{21,2+200-8,8}.100\%\approx 11,01\%$
a,\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,15 0,3
Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}>\dfrac{0,15}{1}\) ⇒ H2 pứ hết,Fe dư
\(V_{H_2}=3,36\left(l\right)\) (đề cho)
b, ko tính đc k/lg dd ,chỉ tính đc thể tích dd
\(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,2}{1}=0,2\left(l\right)=200\left(ml\right)\)
Câu 1:
a, \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
b, \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{16,25}{65}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,25.24,79=6,1975\left(l\right)\)
c, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Zn}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,5.36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{10\%}=182,5\left(g\right)\)
d, \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,25.136}{16,25+182,5-0,25.2}.100\%\approx17,15\%\)
Câu 2:
a, \(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
c, \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{40}{40}=1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)\)
d, \(n_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,25}=2\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{Na_2SO_3}=\dfrac{25,2}{126}=0,2(mol)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{250.7,3\%}{100\%.36,5}=0,5(mol)\\ PTHH:Na_2SO_3+2HCl\to 2NaCl+H_2O+SO_2\uparrow\)
Vì \(\dfrac{n_{Na_2SO_3}}{1}<\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}\) nên \(HCl\) dư
\(a,n_{SO_2}=n_{Na_2SO_3}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{SO_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)\)
\(b,\) Chất tan trong dd sau phản ứng là \(NaCl\)
\(c,n_{NaCl}=2n_{Na_2SO_3}=0,4(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{NaCl}=0,4.58,5=23,4(g)\)
Na2SO3+2HCl->2NaCl+H2O+SO2
0,201-------0,402------0,402---------------0.201
n Na2SO3=0,201 mol
m HCl=18,25 g
->n HCl=0,5 mol
=>HCl dư
=>VSO2=0,201.22,4=4,5024l
b)
mNaCl=\(\dfrac{0,402.58,5}{25,4+250-0,201.64}\).100=8,95%
m Hcl dư=\(\dfrac{0,098.36,5}{25,4+250-0,201.64}.100=1,36\%\)
a, \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{14,874}{24,79}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,4.27=10,8\left(g\right)\)
b, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{1,2.36,5}{250}.100\%=17,52\%\)
c, m dd sau pư = 10,8 + 250 - 0,6.2 = 259,6 (g)
d, \(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,4.133,5}{259,6}.100\%\approx20,57\%\)
a.b.\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,6}{24}=0,15mol\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
0,15 0,3 0,15 ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36l\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,3.36,5=10,95g\)
c.\(n_{H_2}=0,15.60\%=0,09mol\)
\(Ag_2O+H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Ag+H_2O\)
0,09 0,18 ( mol )
\(m_{Ag}=0,18.108=19,44g\)
\(a.n_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,6}{24}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ TheoPT:n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\\ b.TheoPT:n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,3.36,5=10,95\left(g\right)\\ c.n_{H_2\left(pứ\right)}=0,15.60\%=0,054\left(g\right)\\ H_2+Ag_2O-^{t^o}\rightarrow2Ag+H_2O\\ n_{Ag}=2n_{H_2}=0,108\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Ag}=0,108.108=11,664\left(g\right)\)
a/ Fe + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) FeCl2 + H2
nH2 = \(\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH: nH2 = nFe = 0,15 (mol) \(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=11-8,4=2,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{11}.100\%\approx76,4\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=100-76,4\approx23,6\%\)
b/ Theo PTHH ta có: nHCl = 2nFe = 2.0,15 = 0,3 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3}{2}=0,15\left(M\right)\)
c/ mHCl = 36,5 . 0,3 = 10,95(g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{m_{HCl}}{m_{ddHCl}}.100\%=\dfrac{10,95}{200}.100\%=5,475\%\)
a.
C% = \(\dfrac{m_{ct}}{m_{dd}}\) ⇒ \(m_{ct}\) = 250 . \(\dfrac{7,3}{100}\) = 18,25 gam
⇒\(n_{HCl}\) = 0,5 mol
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl →MgCl2 + H2
⇒\(n_{Mg}\) = 0,25 mol
⇒\(m_{Mg}\)= 12 gam
b. C% = \(\dfrac{m_{ct}}{m_{dd}}\) = \(\dfrac{m_{Mg}}{m_{Mg}+m_{HCl}}\) = 4,58%
a) Khối lượng HCl tham gia PƯ là:
mct= mdd.\(\dfrac{C\%}{100\%}\)= 250. \(\dfrac{7,3\%}{100\%}\)= 18,25 (g)
Số mol HCl tham gia PƯ là:
n=m:M= 18,25 : 36,5 = 0,5 (mol)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
số mol Mg tham gia PƯ là
0,5 . 1 : 2 = 0,25 (mol)
Khối lượng Mg tham gia PƯ là
m= n.M = 0,25 . 24 = 6 (g)
b) Số mol MgCl2 là:
0,5 . 1 : 2 = 0,25 (mol)
Khối lượng MgCl2 thu được là
m = n.M = 0,25 . 95 = 23,75 (g)
C% MgCl2 trong dd là
23,75 : (250 + 6) . 100% \(\approx\) 9,3%