Cho
A=1/1 .2.3+1/2.3.4+1/3.4.5+.....+1/18.19.20
Chứng minh A<1/4
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a, A= 1/2. (2/1.2.3+2/2.3.4+2/3.4.5+...+2/18.19.20) A=1/2. (1/1.2-1/2.3+1/2.3-1/3.4+1/3.4-1/4.5+...+1/18.19-1/19.20) A=1/2. (1/1.2-1/19.20) A=1/2. 189/380 A= 189/760
Nhận thấy: \(\dfrac{1}{n\cdot\left(n+1\right)\cdot\left(n+2\right)}\\ =\dfrac{2}{2\cdot n\cdot\left(n+1\right)\cdot\left(n+2\right)}\\ =\dfrac{2+n-n}{2n\cdot\left(n+1\right)\cdot\left(n+2\right)}\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\left[\dfrac{2+n-n}{n\cdot\left(n+1\right)\cdot\left(n+2\right)}\right]\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\left[\dfrac{2+n}{n\cdot\left(n+1\right)\cdot\left(n+2\right)}-\dfrac{n}{n\cdot\left(n+1\right)\cdot\left(n+2\right)}\right]\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\left[\dfrac{1}{n\cdot\left(n+1\right)}-\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\cdot\left(n+2\right)}\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2\cdot3}+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3\cdot4}+...+\dfrac{1}{18\cdot19\cdot20}\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\left[\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}-\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}-\dfrac{1}{3\cdot4}+...+\dfrac{1}{18\cdot19}-\dfrac{1}{19\cdot20}\right]\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\left[\dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}-\dfrac{1}{19\cdot20}\right]\\ =\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{760}< \dfrac{1}{4}\)
Vậy \(A< \dfrac{1}{4}\)
Lời giải:
Gọi tổng trên là $A$
$A=\frac{1}{1.2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4.5}+...+\frac{1}{18.19.20}$
$2A=\frac{2}{1.2.3}+\frac{2}{2.3.4}+\frac{2}{3.4.5}+...+\frac{2}{18.19.20}$
$=\frac{3-1}{1.2.3}+\frac{4-2}{2.3.4}+\frac{5-3}{3.4.5}+....+\frac{20-18}{18.19.20}$
$=\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4}-\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{18.19}-\frac{1}{19.20}$
$=\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{19.20}=\frac{189}{380}$
$\Rightarrow A=\frac{189}{760}$
\(2A=\dfrac{2}{1.2.3}+\dfrac{2}{2.3.4}+\dfrac{2}{3.4.5}+...+\dfrac{2}{18.19.20}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A=\dfrac{1}{1.2}-\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}-\dfrac{1}{3.4}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}-\dfrac{1}{4.5}+...+\dfrac{1}{18.19}-\dfrac{1}{19.20}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A=\dfrac{1}{1.2}-\dfrac{1}{19.20}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{4}\) (đpcm)
\(A=\frac{1}{1.2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4.5}+...+\frac{1}{18.19.20}=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{18.19}-\frac{1}{19.20}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{19.20}\right)=\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{2.19.20}
B=\(\frac{36}{1.3.5}+\frac{36}{3.5.7}+\frac{36}{5.7.9}+...+\frac{36}{25.27.29}< 3\)