Chứng tỏ rằng : \(\frac{x-y}{x+y}< \frac{x^2-y^2}{x^2+y^2}\) ( x,y > 0 )
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\(\left(x+y\right)^2=x^2+y^2+2xy>x^2+y^2\)
\(\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)^2}<\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}\)
\(\frac{x-y}{\left(x+y\right)^2}<\frac{x-y}{x^2+y^2};vì:x-y>0\)nhân 2 vế với x+y
\(\frac{x-y}{x+y}<\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}{x^2+y^2};vì:x+y>0\)
Ta có \(\frac{x-y}{x+y}=\frac{x-y}{x+y}\times1=\frac{x-y}{x+y}\times\frac{x+y}{x+y}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y\right)}=\frac{x^2-y^2}{x^2+2xy+y^2}\)
Vì x>y>0 \(\Rightarrow x^2+2xy+y^2>x^2+y^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2-y^2}{x^2+2xy+y^2}<\frac{x^2-y^2}{x^2+y^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x-y}{x+y}<\frac{x^2-y^2}{x^2+y^2}\)
đặt A=x/x+y+z +y/y+z+t +z/z+t+x +t/t+x+y
ta có x/x+y+z>x/x+y+z+t
y/y+z+t>y/x+y+z+t
z/z+t+x>z/z+t+x+y
t/t+x+y>t/x+t+y+z
=>A>x/x+y+t+z +t/x+y+t+z +z/x+y+t+z +y/x+t+y+z=x+y+z+t/x+y+z+t=1>3/4 (1)
*)y/y+z+t<y+x/y+z+t+x
x/x+y+z<x+t/x+y+z+t
z/z+t+x<z+y/x+y+z+t
t/t+x+y<t+z/t+x+y+z
=>A<y+x/x+y+z+t +x+t/x+y+z+t +z+y/x+y+z+t +t+z/x+y+z+t
=y+x+x+t+z+y+t+z/x+y+z+t=2(x+y+z+t)/x+y+z+t=2<5/2 (2)
từ (1) và (2) =>3/4<A<5/2
=>
Ta có:
\(\frac{x}{x+y+z+t}+\frac{y}{x+y+z+t}+\frac{z}{x+y+z+t}+\frac{t}{x+y+z+t}<\frac{x}{x+y+z}+\frac{y}{y+z+t}+\frac{z}{z+t+x}+\frac{t}{t+x+y}<\frac{x+t}{x+y+z+t}+\frac{x+y}{x+y+z+t}+\frac{y+z}{x+y+z+t}+\frac{z+t}{x+y+z+t}\)
\(\Rightarrow1<\frac{x}{x+y+z}+\frac{y}{y+z+t}+\frac{z}{z+t+x}+\frac{t}{t+x+y}<2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{4}<\frac{x}{x+y+z}+\frac{y}{y+z+t}+\frac{z}{z+t+x}+\frac{t}{t+x+y}<\frac{5}{2}\)
\(BĐT\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}+2\right)-3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)+2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)^2-3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)+2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}-1\right)\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}-2\right)\ge0\) (Luôn đúng vì \(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\ge2\forall x;y>0\))
2) Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{2}{x^2+y^2}=2\left(\frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}\ge\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+2xy}=\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\)
Mà x+y=1 nên suy ra:
\(\frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}\ge4\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(\frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}\right)\ge8\)
=>đpcm.
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x=y=1/2
Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}=a\)\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2=a^2\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}=a^2-2\)
Ta có \(\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}+4=a^2-2+4=a^2+2\)
\(3\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)=3a\)
Ta có \(a^2+2-3a=a^2-2.a.\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{9}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}=\left(a-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}\)
lạ có \(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}-2=\dfrac{x^2}{xy}-\dfrac{2xy}{xy}+\dfrac{y^2}{xy}=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{xy}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\ge2\)\(\Rightarrow a\ge2\Rightarrow a-\dfrac{3}{2}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow\left(a-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\Rightarrow\left(a-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+2-3a\ge0\Rightarrow a^2+2\ge3a\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}+4\ge3\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x;y>0\\\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}+4\ge3\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\begin{matrix}\left(1\right)\\\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\)
từ (2) có \(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+2.\dfrac{x}{y}.\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}\right)+2-3\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2-3\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)+2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2-2\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)\right]-\left[\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)-2\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}-2\right)\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}-1\right)\ge0\) (3)
từ (1) có \(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}=\left(\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{y}}-\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{x}}\right)^2+2\ge2\) (4)
từ (4) ; \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}-1\right)>0\\\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}-2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) (I)
từ (I) => (3) đúng mọi phép biến đổi là <=> đẳng thức khi \(\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{y}{x}\Rightarrow x=y\)=> dpcm