Question

[๖Fly༉Donutღღ]

CMR : \(\left(x^m+x^n+1\right)\)chia hết cho \(x^2+x+1\)    khi và chỉ khi \(\left(mn-2\right)\)chia hết cho 3

Answer 1

[Despacito]

dat m = 3k + r voi 0 \(\le\)r \(\le\) 2 va n = 3t + s

=> x^m  + xⁿ + 1  = x^{3k + r} + x^{3t +s} + 1 = x^3k. x^r - x^r + x^3t . x^s - x^s + x^r + x^s +1

                                                     = x^r ( x^3t -1) + x^s ( x^3t - 1) + x^r + x^s + 1

ta thay: x^3k-1 \(⋮\)  \(\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)va \(\left(x^{3t}-1\right)⋮\left(x^2+x+1\right)\) 

vay \(\left(x^m+x^n+1\right)⋮\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^r+x^s+1\right)⋮\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)voi \(0\le r;s\le2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow r=2;x=1\Rightarrow m=3k+2;n=3t+1\)

\(r=1;s=2\Rightarrow m=3k+1;n=3t+2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow mn-2=\left(3k+2\right)\left(3t+1\right)-2=9kt+3k+6t=3\left(3kt+k+2t\right)\)

\(mn-2=\left(3k+1\right)\left(3t+2\right)-2=9kt+6k+3t=3\left(3kt+2k+t\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(mn-2\right)⋮3\)

ap dung:  \(m=7;n=2;\Rightarrow mn-2=12⋮3\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x^7+x^2+1\right)⋮\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x^7+x^2+1\right)⋮\left(x^2+x+1\right)=x^5+x^4+x^2+x+1\)

Answer 2

[Ngo Tung Lam]

⇒xm+xn+1=x3k+r+x3t+s+1=x3k.xr−xr+x3t.xs−xs+xr+xs+1

                                                                       =xr(x3t−1)+xs(x3t−1)+xr+xs+1

Ta thấy: (x3k−1)chia hết (x2+x+1)và (x3t−1) chia hết (x2+x+1)

Vậy: (xm+xn+1)chia hết (x2+x+1)

⇔(xr+xs+1)chia hết (x2+x+1)với 0≤r;s≤2

⇔r=2;x=1⇒m=3k+2;n=3t+1

      r=1;s=2⇒m=3k+1;n=3t+2

⇔mn−2=(3k+2)(3t+1)−2=9kt+3k+6t=3(3kt+k+2t)

      mn−2=(3k+1)(3t+2)−2=9kt+6k+3t=3(3kt+2k+t)

⇒mn−2chia hết cho 3.

Áp dụng:m=7;n=2⇒mn−2=12chia hết cho 3

⇒(x7+x2+1) chia hết cho (x2+x+1)