\(CMR\)\(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\ge3\)Biết \(x;y;z>0\)
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\(bpt\Leftrightarrow\frac{\sqrt{2\left(x+y\right)}}{\sqrt{z}}+\frac{\sqrt{2\left(y+z\right)}}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{\sqrt{2\left(x+z\right)}}{\sqrt{y}}\ge6\)
CMBĐT : \(\sqrt{2\left(a+b\right)}\ge\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\) . Áp dụng BĐT ta có :
\(\frac{\sqrt{2\left(x+y\right)}}{\sqrt{z}}+\frac{\sqrt{2\left(y+z\right)}}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{\sqrt{2\left(z+x\right)}}{\sqrt{y}}\ge\frac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{z}}+\frac{\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}}{\sqrt{y}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{z}}+\frac{\sqrt{z}}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{z}}+\frac{\sqrt{z}}{\sqrt{y}}+\frac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{y}}\ge6\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x = y =z
Ta có : \(x^3+y^3=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow1+x^3+y^3\ge xyz+xy\left(x+y\right)=xy\left(x+y+z\right)\ge3xy\sqrt[3]{xyz}=3xy\)
\(\frac{\sqrt{1+x^3+y^3}}{xy}\ge\frac{\sqrt{3xy}}{xy}=\sqrt{\frac{3}{xy}}\)
Tương tự : \(\frac{\sqrt{1+y^3+z^3}}{yz}\ge\frac{\sqrt{3yz}}{yz}=\sqrt{\frac{3}{yz}}\); \(\frac{\sqrt{1+x^3+z^3}}{xz}\ge\frac{\sqrt{3xz}}{xz}=\sqrt{\frac{3}{xz}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\sqrt{3}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\right)\ge3\sqrt{3}\sqrt{\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2y^2z^2}}}=3\sqrt{3}\)
Ta có: \(x^3+y^3\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\Rightarrow1+x^3+y^3\ge xyz+xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=xy\left(x+y+z\right)\ge3xy\sqrt[3]{xyz}=3xy\)(vì xyz = 1)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\sqrt{1+x^3+y^3}}{xy}=\frac{\sqrt{3xy}}{xy}=\sqrt{\frac{3}{xy}}\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\frac{\sqrt{1+y^3+z^3}}{yz}=\sqrt{\frac{3}{yz}}\);\(\frac{\sqrt{1+z^3+x^3}}{zx}=\sqrt{\frac{3}{zx}}\)
Cộng vế với vế, ta được:
\(BĐT=\sqrt{3}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{zx}}\right)\)
\(\ge3\sqrt{3}\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2y^2z^2}}}=3\sqrt{3}\)
(Dấu "="\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\))
\(\frac{x^4}{y+3z}+\frac{y+3z}{16}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\frac{x^4}{y+3z}.\frac{y+3z}{16}.\frac{1}{4}.\frac{1}{4}}=x\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^4}{y+3z}\ge x-\frac{y+3z}{16}-\frac{1}{2}\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại :
\(\frac{y^4}{z+3x}\ge y-\frac{z+3x}{16}-\frac{1}{2};\frac{z^4}{z+3y}\ge z-\frac{x+3y}{16}-\frac{1}{2}\)
Công theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta được :
\(VT\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)-\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{3}{4}.3-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!
Cách 2:
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\ge\frac{\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\ge\frac{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\left(x+y+z\right)}{12}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\sqrt{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}}{12}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si cho 3 số không âm:
\(1+x^3+y^3\ge3\sqrt[3]{1.x^3y^3}=3xy\Rightarrow\frac{\sqrt{1+x^3+y^3}}{xy}\ge\frac{\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{xy}}\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\frac{\sqrt{1+y^3+z^3}}{yz}\ge\frac{\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{yz}}\);\(\frac{\sqrt{1+z^3+x^3}}{zx}\ge\frac{\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{zx}}\)
Cộng các vế của các BĐT trên, ta được:
\(\frac{\sqrt{1+x^3+y^3}}{xy}\)\(+\frac{\sqrt{1+y^3+z^3}}{yz}\)\(+\frac{\sqrt{1+z^3+x^3}}{zx}\ge\)\(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{xy}}\)\(+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{yz}}\)\(+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{zx}}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng Cô - si:
\(BĐT\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{xy}}.\frac{\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{yz}}.\frac{\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{zx}}}=3\sqrt{3}\)
Vậy \(\frac{\sqrt{1+x^3+y^3}}{xy}\)\(+\frac{\sqrt{1+y^3+z^3}}{yz}\)\(+\frac{\sqrt{1+z^3+x^3}}{zx}\ge3\sqrt{3}\)
(Dấu "="\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\))
\(x^3+y^3+1=x^3+y^3+xyz\ge xy\left(x+y\right)+xyz=xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(y^3+z^3+1\ge yz\left(x+y+z\right);z^3+x^3+1\ge zx\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{\sqrt{xy\left(x+y+z\right)}}{xy}+\frac{\sqrt{yz\left(x+y+z\right)}}{yz}+\frac{\sqrt{zx\left(x+y+z\right)}}{zx}\)
\(=\sqrt{x+y+z}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{zx}}\right)\)
\(\ge\sqrt{3\sqrt[3]{xyz}}\cdot3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\sqrt{xy}\cdot\sqrt{yz}\cdot\sqrt{zx}}}=3\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra tại \(x=y=z=1\)
Đặt \(a=\sqrt{x},b=\sqrt{y},c=\sqrt{z}\left(a,b,c>0\right)\)
Khi đó :
\(P=\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\) và \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\frac{a^4}{a^2b}+\frac{b^4}{cb^2}+\frac{c^4}{ac^2}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a^2b+cb^2+ac^2}\) ( theo BĐT cô-si schwarz )
Ta có :
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\left(a^3+b^2a\right)+\left(b^3+bc^2\right)+\left(c^3+ca^2\right)+\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\)
\(\ge3\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\le\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3}\)
Khi đó :
\(P\ge\sqrt{3}.\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3}}=\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\ge3\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\Rightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Đặt \(a=\sqrt{x},b=\sqrt{y},c=\sqrt{z}\left(a,b,c>0\right)\)
Khi đó
\(P=\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\)và \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\)
<=>\(P=\frac{a^4}{a^2b}+\frac{b^4}{cb^2}+\frac{c^4}{ac^2}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a^2b+cb^2+ac^2}\)(bất đẳng thức cosi schwaz)
Ta có
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\left(a^3+b^2a\right)+\left(b^3+bc^2\right)+\left(c^3+ca^2\right)+\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\)
\(\ge3\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\)
=> \(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\le\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3}\)
Khi đó
\(P\ge\sqrt{3}.\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3}}=\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\ge3\)(ĐPCM)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c=1 => x=y=z=1
áp dụng bđt AMGM 3 số
\(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{xyz}{xyz}=3}\)
áp dụng bdt AMGM 3 số
\(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{xyz}{xyz}}=3\)