giải phương trình nghiệm nguyên:
a, (x + y + 1)2 = 3( x2 + y2 + 1 )
b, x2 + y2 = 2x2y2
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Theo hệ thức Viet: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1+x_2=-\dfrac{5}{3}\\x_1x_2=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y_1+y_2=2x_1-x_2+2x_2-x_1\\y_1y_2=\left(2x_1-x_2\right)\left(2x_2-x_1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y_1+y_2=x_1+x_2\\y_1y_2=-2x_1^2-2x_2^2+5x_1x_2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y_1+y_2=-\dfrac{5}{3}\\y_1y_2=-2\left(x_1+x_2\right)^2+9x_1x_2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y_1+y_2=-\dfrac{5}{3}\\y_1y_2=-2.\left(-\dfrac{5}{3}\right)^2+9.\left(-2\right)=-\dfrac{212}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow y_1;y_2\) là nghiệm của:
\(y^2+\dfrac{5}{3}y-\dfrac{212}{9}=0\Leftrightarrow9y^2+10y-212=0\)
a) \(\left(2x^3-x^2+5x\right):x\)
\(=\dfrac{2x^3-x^2+5x}{x}\)
\(=\dfrac{x\left(2x^2-x+5\right)}{x}\)
\(=2x^2-x+5\)
b) \(\left(3x^4-2x^3+x^2\right):\left(-2x\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{3x^4-2x^3+x^2}{-2x}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x\left(\dfrac{3}{2}x^3-x^2+\dfrac{1}{2}x\right)}{-2x}\)
\(=-\left(\dfrac{3}{2}x^3-x^2+\dfrac{1}{2}x\right)\)
\(=-\dfrac{3}{2}x^3+x^2-\dfrac{1}{2}x\)
c) \(\left(-2x^5+3x^2-4x^3\right):2x^2\)
\(=\dfrac{-2x^5+3x^2-4x^3}{2x^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x^2\left(-x^3+\dfrac{3}{2}-2x\right)}{2x^2}\)
\(=-x^3-2x+\dfrac{3}{2}\)
d) \(\left(x^3-2x^2y+3xy^2\right):\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}x\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{x^3-2x^2y+3xy^2}{-\dfrac{1}{2}x}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}x\left(2x^2-4xy+6y^2\right)}{-\dfrac{1}{2}x}\)
\(=-\left(2x^2-4xy+6y^2\right)\)
\(=-2x^2+4xy-6y^2\)
e) \(\left[3\left(x-y\right)^5-2\left(x-y\right)^4+3\left(x-y\right)^2\right]:5\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(=\dfrac{3\left(x-y\right)^5-2\left(x-y\right)^4+3\left(x-y\right)^2}{5\left(x-y\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{5\left(x-y\right)^2\left[\dfrac{3}{5}\left(x-y\right)^3-\dfrac{2}{5}\left(x-y\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{5}\right]}{5\left(x-y\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{5}\left(x-y\right)^3-\dfrac{2}{5}\left(x-y\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{5}\)
f) \(\left(3x^5y^2+4x^3y^3-5x^2y^4\right):2x^2y^2\)
\(=\dfrac{3x^5y^2+4x^3y^3-5x^2y^4}{2x^2y^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x^2y^2\left(\dfrac{3}{2}x^3+2xy-\dfrac{5}{2}y^2\right)}{2x^2y^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{2}x^3+2xy-\dfrac{5}{2}y^2\)
\(x+y+xy=x^2+y^2\)
⇔ \(2xy+2x+2y=2x^2+2y^2\)
⇔ \(\left(x^2+y^2-2xy\right)+\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)=2\)
⇔ \(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2=2\)
⇔
⇔
Các cặp số nguyên (x, y) thỏa mãn phương trình là : (0; 0); (2; 2); (0; 1); (2; 1); (1; 0);(1;2).
từ phương trình số 2 ta có
\(\left(x+y\right)\left(x+2y\right)+\left(x+y\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x+2y+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+y=0\\x+2y+1=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-y\\x=-2y-1\end{cases}}\)
lần lượt thay vào 1 ta có
\(\orbr{\begin{cases}y^2+7=y^2+4y\\\left(-2y-1\right)^2+7=y^2+4y\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}y=\frac{7}{4}\\3y^2+8=0\end{cases}}}\)
vậy hệ có nghiệm duy nhất \(x=-y=-\frac{7}{4}\)