Bài 4: (1 điểm) Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của $H(x)=x^2+y^2-x y-x+y+1$.
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1/ B = (x+y)((x+y)2 - 3xy)+(x+y)2 - 2xy = 2 - 5xy = 2 - 5x(1-x)=5x2 - 5x + 2 = (x√5 - √5 /2)2 +3/4 >= 3/4
Đạt GTNN là 3/4 khi x=y=1/2
2/ P = xy = x(6-x)=-x2 +6x = 9 - (x-3)2 <=9
GTLN là 9 khi x=y=3
Từ gt ta có x^2+y^^2=xy+1
=>P=(x^2+y^2)^2-2x^2y^2-x^2y^2
=(xy+1)2-2x2y2-x2y2
=x2y2+xy+1-3x2y2=-2x2y2+xy+1
=......
\(1=x^2+y^2-xy\ge2xy-xy=xy\Rightarrow xy\le1\)
\(1=x^2+y^2-xy\ge-2xy-xy=-3xy\Rightarrow xy\ge-\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow-\dfrac{1}{3}\le xy\le1\)
\(P=\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-2\left(xy\right)^2-\left(xy\right)^2=\left(xy+1\right)^2-3\left(xy\right)^2=-2\left(xy\right)^2+2xy+1\)
Đặt \(xy=t\in\left[-\dfrac{1}{3};1\right]\)
\(P=f\left(t\right)=-2t^2+2t+1\)
\(f'\left(t\right)=-4t+2=0\Rightarrow t=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(f\left(-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)=\dfrac{1}{9}\) ; \(f\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\) ; \(f\left(1\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{max}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) ; \(P_{min}=\dfrac{1}{9}\)
a: Ta có: \(x^2+x+1\)
\(=x^2+2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
b: Ta có: \(-x^2+x+2\)
\(=-\left(x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{9}{4}\right)\)
\(=-\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{9}{4}\le\dfrac{9}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
1) \(B=\left|x+y\right|+\left|x-3\right|+2\)
Ta có: \(\orbr{\begin{cases}\left|x+y\right|\ge0\forall x;y\\\left|x-3\right|\ge0\forall x\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\left|x+y\right|+\left|x-3\right|+2\ge2\forall x;y\)
\(B=2\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\left|x-3\right|=0\\\left|x+y\right|=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x-3=0\\x+y=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\orbr{\begin{cases}x=3\\y=-x\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\orbr{\begin{cases}x=3\\y=-3\end{cases}}}\)
KL:............................
P = x4.y4 + x4 + y4 + 1
Ta có: x2 + y2 = (x + y)2 - 2xy = 10 - 2xy => x4 + y4 = (x2 + y2)2 - 2x2y2 = (10 - 2xy)2 - 2(xy)2 = 100 - 40xy + 2(xy)2
=> P = (xy)4 + 2(xy)2 - 40xy + 101 = [(xy)4 - 8(xy)2 + 16] + 10.[(xy)2 - 4xy + 4] + 45 = [(xy)2 - 4]2 + 10.(xy - 2)2 + 45
=> P > 45
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> xy = 2
Mà có x + y = \(\sqrt{10}\) => x = \(\sqrt{10}\) - y => xy = \(\sqrt{10}\)y - y2 = 2 => y2 - \(\sqrt{10}\).y + 2 = 0
\(\Delta\) = 10 - 8 = 2 => \(y=\frac{\sqrt{10}+\sqrt{2}}{2}\)=> x = \(\frac{4}{\sqrt{10}+\sqrt{2}}=\frac{\sqrt{10}-\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
vậy P nhỏ nhất bằng 45 khi x = \(\frac{\sqrt{10}-\sqrt{2}}{2}\); \(y=\frac{\sqrt{10}+\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
P = x4.y4 + x4 + y4 + 1
Ta có: x2 + y2 = (x + y)2 - 2xy = 10 - 2xy => x4 + y4 = (x2 + y2)2 - 2x2y2 = (10 - 2xy)2 - 2(xy)2 = 100 - 40xy + 2(xy)2
=> P = (xy)4 + 2(xy)2 - 40xy + 101 = [(xy)4 - 8(xy)2 + 16] + 10.[(xy)2 - 4xy + 4] + 45 = [(xy)2 - 4]2 + 10.(xy - 2)2 + 45
=> P > 45
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> xy = 2
Mà có x + y = \(\sqrt{10}\) => x = \(\sqrt{10}\) - y => xy = \(\sqrt{10}\)y - y2 = 2 => y2 - \(\sqrt{10}\).y + 2 = 0
\(\Delta\) = 10 - 8 = 2 => \(y=\frac{\sqrt{10}+\sqrt{2}}{2}\)=> x = \(\frac{4}{\sqrt{10}+\sqrt{2}}=\frac{\sqrt{10}-\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
vậy P nhỏ nhất bằng 45 khi x = \(\frac{\sqrt{10}-\sqrt{2}}{2}\); \(y=\frac{\sqrt{10}+\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
\(H\left(x\right)=x^2+y^2-xy+x+y+1\)
\(\Rightarrow12H\left(x\right)=12\left(x^2+y^2-xy-x+y+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow12H\left(x\right)=12x^2+12y^2-12xy-12x+12y+12\)
\(\Rightarrow12H\left(x\right)=\left(12x^2-12xy+3y^2-12x+6y+3\right)+\left(9y^2+6y+9\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow12H\left(x\right)=3\left(4x^2-4xy+y^2-4x+2y+1\right)+\left(9y^2+6y+1\right)+8\)
\(\Rightarrow12H\left(x\right)=3\left[\left(2x\right)^2+y^2+1^2-2\cdot2x\cdot y-2\cdot2x\cdot1+2\cdot y\cdot1\right]+\left[\left(3y\right)^2+2\cdot3y\cdot1+1^2\right]+8\)
\(\Rightarrow12H\left(x\right)=3\left(2x-y-1\right)^2+\left(3y+1\right)^2+8\)
\(\Rightarrow H\left(x\right)=\dfrac{3\left(2x-y-1\right)^2+\left(3y+1\right)^2+8}{12}=\dfrac{\left(2x-y-1\right)^2}{4}+\dfrac{\left(3y+1\right)^2}{12}+\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{\left(2x-y-1\right)^2}{4}\ge0\forall x,y\\\dfrac{\left(3y+1\right)^2}{12}\ge0\forall y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow H\left(x\right)=\dfrac{\left(2x-y-1\right)^2}{4}+\dfrac{\left(3y+1\right)^2}{12}+\dfrac{2}{3}\ge\dfrac{2}{3}\forall x,y\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-y-1=0\\3y+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+\dfrac{1}{3}-1=0\\y=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{3}\\y=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
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