Rút gọn các phân số sau (trình bày bài giải)
a) \(\dfrac{3.5}{8.24}\)
b) \(\dfrac{8.6}{9.32}\)
c) \(\dfrac{6.5.12}{20.15}\)
LÀM 1 CÂU CUNG DC Ạ
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b,\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\)
=>\(\dfrac{bc}{abc}+\dfrac{ac}{bac}+\dfrac{ab}{abc}=0\)
=>\(\dfrac{ab+ac+bc}{abc}=0\)
=>ab+ac+bc=0
=>ab=-ac-bc
ac=-ab-bc
bc=-ab-ac
N=\(\dfrac{1}{a^2+2bc}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+2ca}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+2ab}\)
N=\(\dfrac{1}{a^2+bc+bc}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+ca+ca}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+ab+ab}\)
N=\(\dfrac{1}{a^2-ab-ac+bc}+\dfrac{1}{b^2-ab-bc+ca}+\dfrac{1}{c^2-ac-bc+ab}\)
N=\(\dfrac{1}{a\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a-b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{b\left(b-a\right)-c\left(b-a\right)}+\dfrac{1}{c\left(c-a\right)-b\left(c-a\right)}\)
N=\(\dfrac{1}{\left(a-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(c-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
N=\(\dfrac{b-c}{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}-\dfrac{a-c}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\dfrac{a-b}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)
N=\(\dfrac{b-c-a+c+a-b}{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)=0
Theo phương pháp tiểu học; ta có thể quy đồng các phân số này lên mà so sánh.
Tuy nhiên giả sử có hàng trăm; nghìn phân số tương tự như 1000/1001;1001/1002;.... thì ta không thể quy đồng hết.
Cần chứng minh với số tự nhiên n thì \(\frac{n}{n+1}< \frac{n+1}{n+2}\)
Có : \(n^2+2n< n^2+2n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow n\left(n+2\right)< \left(n+1\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{n}{n+1}< \frac{n+1}{n+2}\)
Do đó ta được \(\frac{7}{8}< \frac{10}{11}< \frac{22}{23}< \frac{40}{41}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+2017\right)\left(x+2018\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{\left(x+1\right)}-\dfrac{1}{x+2}+\dfrac{1}{x+2}-\dfrac{1}{x+3}+...+\dfrac{1}{x+2017}-\dfrac{1}{x+2018}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{1}{x+2018}\)
\(=\dfrac{2018}{x\left(x+2018\right)}\)
Dạng này mình làm suốt rồi, bạn cứ yên tâm.
a: \(\dfrac{x^3-x}{3x+3}=\dfrac{x\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{3\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{x\left(x-1\right)}{3}\)
b: \(\dfrac{x^2-4xy+4y^2-4}{2x^2-4xy+4x}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-2y\right)^2-4}{2x\left(x-2y+2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x-2y-2}{2x}\)
\(\dfrac{3x+2}{x^2-2x+1}-\dfrac{6}{x^2-1}-\dfrac{3x-2}{x^2+2x+1}\)
= \(\dfrac{3x+2}{\left(x-1\right)^2}-\dfrac{6}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}-\dfrac{3x-2}{\left(x+1\right)^2}\)
= \(\dfrac{\left(3x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)^2}{\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x+1\right)^2}-\dfrac{6\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x+1\right)^2}-\dfrac{\left(3x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)^2}{\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x+1\right)^2}\)
= \(\dfrac{3x^3+8x^2+7x+2}{\left(x^2-1\right)^2}-\dfrac{6x^2-6}{\left(x^2-1\right)^2}-\dfrac{3x^3-8x^2+7x-2}{\left(x^2-1\right)^2}\)
= \(\dfrac{10x^2+10}{\left(x^2-1\right)^2}\)
= \(\dfrac{10\left(x^2+1\right)}{\left(x^2-1\right)^2}\)
a; \(\dfrac{3.5}{8.24}\) = \(\dfrac{3.5}{8.3.8}\) = \(\dfrac{5.3:3}{8.8.3:3}\) = \(\dfrac{5}{64}\)
b; \(\dfrac{8.6}{9.32}\)= \(\dfrac{8.2.3}{3.3.8.2.2}\) = \(\dfrac{8.2.3:\left(8.2.3\right)}{3.2.8.2.3:\left(8.2.3\right)}\) = \(\dfrac{1}{3.2}\) = \(\dfrac{1}{6}\)
b; \(\dfrac{6.5.12}{20.15}\) = \(\dfrac{6.5.4.3}{4.5.3.5}\) = \(\dfrac{6.3.4.5:\left(3.4.5\right)}{5.3.4.5:\left(3.4.5\right)}\) = \(\dfrac{6}{5}\)