Cho abc=1
Chứng minh: \(a^4+b^4+c^4\ge a+b+c\)
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Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
$a^2+1\geq 2a$
$b^2+1\geq 2b$
$c^2+1\geq 2c$
$\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+3\geq 2(a+b+c)$
Cũng áp dụng BĐT Cô-si: $a+b+c\geq 3\sqrt[3]{abc}=3$
$\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+3\geq 2(a+b+c)\geq a+b+c+3$
$\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\geq a+b+c$ (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$
Đặt \(x=\sqrt{a};y=\sqrt{b};z=\sqrt{c}\) \(\Rightarrow xyz=1\) (x;y;z > 0 do a;b;c>0)
Cần c/m : \(VT=\dfrac{y^2+z^2}{x}+\dfrac{x^2+z^2}{y}+\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{z}\ge x+y+z+3=VP\)
Dễ dàng c/m : VT \(\ge2\left(\dfrac{yz}{x}+\dfrac{xz}{y}+\dfrac{xy}{z}\right)\) (1)
Thấy : \(\dfrac{xy}{z}+\dfrac{xz}{y}\ge2x\) . CMTT : \(\dfrac{xz}{y}+\dfrac{yz}{x}\ge2z;\dfrac{yz}{x}+\dfrac{xy}{z}\ge2y\)
Suy ra : \(\dfrac{xy}{z}+\dfrac{xz}{y}+\dfrac{yz}{x}\ge x+y+z\)
Có : \(\dfrac{xy}{z}+\dfrac{xz}{y}+\dfrac{yz}{x}\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz}=3\)
Suy ra : \(2\left(\dfrac{xy}{z}+\dfrac{yz}{x}+\dfrac{xz}{y}\right)\ge x+y+z+3\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) ; (2) suy ra : \(VT\ge VP\)
" = " \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{y}{x};\dfrac{z}{y};\dfrac{x}{z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{y}{x}\left(\dfrac{z}{y}+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{z}{y}\left(\dfrac{x}{z}+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{x}{z}\left(\dfrac{y}{x}+1\right)}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{z+x}+\dfrac{z}{x+y}=\dfrac{x^2}{xy+xz}+\dfrac{y^2}{xy+yz}+\dfrac{z^2}{xz+yz}\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
a. Đề bài sai (thực chất là nó đúng 1 cách hiển nhiên nhưng "dạng" thế này nó sai sai vì ko ai cho kiểu này cả)
Ta có: \(abc=ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\Rightarrow abc\ge27\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+5abc\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+5.27>>>>>8\)
b.
\(4=ab+bc+ca+abc=ab+bc+ca+\sqrt{ab.bc.ca}\le ab+bc+ca+\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{3}\right)^3}\)
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{3}}=t\Rightarrow t^3+3t^2-4\ge0\Rightarrow\left(t-1\right)\left(t+2\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow t\ge1\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge3\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge\sqrt{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge3\)
- TH1: nếu \(a+b+c\ge4\)
Ta có: \(ab+bc+ca=4-abc\le4\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+5abc\ge4^2-2.4+0=8\)
(Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(2;2;0\right)\) và các hoán vị)
- TH2: nếu \(3\le a+b+c< 4\)
Đặt \(a+b+c=p\ge3;ab+bc+ca=q;abc=r\)
\(P=p^2-2q+5r=p^2-2q+5\left(4-q\right)=p^2-7q+20\)
Áp dụng BĐT Schur:
\(4=q+r\ge q+\dfrac{p\left(4q-p^2\right)}{9}\Leftrightarrow q\le\dfrac{p^3+36}{4p+9}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge p^2-\dfrac{7\left(p^3+36\right)}{4p+9}+20=\dfrac{3\left(4-p\right)\left(p-3\right)\left(p+4\right)}{4p+9}+8\ge8\)
(Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\))
1a)\(a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\)(1)
Lại có:\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1\right)\) đúng\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
1b)\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{2}+\dfrac{b^2}{2}+\dfrac{c^2}{2}\ge\dfrac{1}{6}\)(2)
Lại có:\(\dfrac{a^2}{2}+\dfrac{b^2}{2}+\dfrac{c^2}{2}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{6}=\dfrac{1}{6}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2\right)\) đúng\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
2b)Ta có:\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)(bđt phụ)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\le\dfrac{4^2}{3}=\dfrac{16}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow MAXA=\dfrac{16}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{4}{3}\)
\(\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)=\left(a-1\right)\left(bc-b-c+1\right)\)
\(=abc-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+a+b+c-1\)
\(=abc-abc+1-1=0\) (đpcm)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\) ta có:
\(a^4+b^4+c^4\ge a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2=\left(ab\right)^2+\left(bc\right)^2+\left(ca\right)^2\ge ab.bc+bc.ca+ca.ab=abc\left(a+b+c\right)\).
Vậy ta có đpcm.