Rút gọn phân thức sau ( phân thức đều có nghĩa )
\(N=\dfrac{\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)\left(x+5\right)+1}{x^2+7x+11}\)
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\(A=\dfrac{2x\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)^2}{x\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{2\left(x-2\right)}{x+2}\\ A=\dfrac{2\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-2\right)}{\dfrac{1}{2}+2}=\dfrac{2\left(-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)}{\dfrac{5}{2}}=\left(-3\right)\cdot\dfrac{2}{5}=-\dfrac{6}{5}\)
\(B=\dfrac{x\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}=\dfrac{x}{x+y}=\dfrac{-5}{-5+10}=\dfrac{-5}{5}=-1\)
Bài 1:
a. $2x^3+3x^2-2x=2x(x^2+3x-2)=2x[(x^2-2x)+(x-2)]$
$=2x[x(x-2)+(x-2)]=2x(x-2)(x+1)$
b.
$(x+1)(x+2)(x+3)(x+4)-24$
$=[(x+1)(x+4)][(x+2)(x+3)]-24$
$=(x^2+5x+4)(x^2+5x+6)-24$
$=a(a+2)-24$ (đặt $x^2+5x+4=a$)
$=a^2+2a-24=(a^2-4a)+(6a-24)$
$=a(a-4)+6(a-4)=(a-4)(a+6)=(x^2+5x)(x^2+5x+10)$
$=x(x+5)(x^2+5x+10)$
Bài 2:
a. ĐKXĐ: $x\neq 3; 4$
\(A=\frac{2x+1-(x+3)(x-3)+(2x-1)(x-4)}{(x-3)(x-4)}\\ =\frac{2x+1-(x^2-9)+(2x^2-9x+4)}{(x-3)(x-4)}\\ =\frac{x^2-7x+14}{(x-3)(x-4)}\)
b. $x^2+20=9x$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2-9x+20=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-4)(x-5)=0$
$\Rightarrow x=5$ (do $x\neq 4$)
Khi đó: $A=\frac{5^2-7.5+14}{(5-4)(5-3)}=2$
\(\frac{1}{x\left(x-1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)}+...+\frac{1}{\left(x-4\right)\left(x-5\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{x-1}+\frac{1}{x-1}-\frac{1}{x-2}+\frac{1}{x-2}-\frac{1}{x-3}+...+\frac{1}{x-4}-\frac{1}{x-5}\)
\(=\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{x-5}=\frac{x-5}{x\left(x-5\right)}-\frac{x}{x\left(x-5\right)}=\frac{-5}{x\left(x-5\right)}\)
\(\frac{1}{x\left(x-1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)}+...+\frac{1}{\left(x-4\right)\left(x-5\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{x-1}+\frac{1}{x-1}-\frac{1}{x-2}+...+\frac{1}{x-4}-\frac{1}{x-5}\)
\(=\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{x-5}\)
\(=\frac{x-5}{x\left(x-5\right)}-\frac{x}{x\left(x-5\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x-5-x}{x\left(x-5\right)}\)
\(=-\frac{5}{x\left(x-5\right)}\)
1:
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{x-2\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2}{3\sqrt{x}-6}\right):\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}+3}{3\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=\dfrac{3+2\sqrt{x}}{3\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\cdot\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}}{2\sqrt{x}+3}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-2}\)
\(S\left(x\right)=\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{2}{x^3}+...+\dfrac{n}{x^{n+1}}\)
\(\Rightarrow x.S\left(x\right)=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{2}{x^2}+\dfrac{3}{x^3}+...+\dfrac{n}{x^n}\)
\(\Rightarrow x.S\left(x\right)-S\left(x\right)=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{x^n}-\dfrac{n}{x^{n+1}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)S\left(x\right)=\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1-\left(\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^n}{1-\dfrac{1}{x}}-\dfrac{n}{x^{n+1}}=\dfrac{x^n-1}{x^n\left(x-1\right)}-\dfrac{n}{x^{n+1}}=\dfrac{x^{n+1}-x-n\left(x-1\right)}{x^{n+1}\left(x-1\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow S\left(x\right)=\dfrac{x^{n+1}-\left(n+1\right)x+n}{x^{n+1}\left(x-1\right)^2}\)
d) Ta có: \(D=\left(\dfrac{5\sqrt{x}-6}{x-9}-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x}+3}\right):\left(1+\dfrac{6}{x-9}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{5\sqrt{x}-6-2\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}:\dfrac{x-9+6}{\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{5\sqrt{x}-6-2\sqrt{x}+6}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}{x-3}\)
\(=\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}}{x-3}\)
f) Ta có: \(\left(\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{1+x}}+\sqrt{1-x}\right):\left(\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}+1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{3+\sqrt{1-x^2}}{\sqrt{1+x}}:\dfrac{3+\sqrt{1-x^2}}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{1-x^2}}{\sqrt{1+x}}=\sqrt{1-x}\)
\(N=\dfrac{\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)\left(x+5\right)+1}{x^2+7x+11}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left[\left(x+2\right)\left(x+5\right)\right]\cdot\left[\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)\right]+1}{x^2+7x+11}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x^2+7x+10\right)\left(x^2+7x+12\right)+1}{x^2+7x+11}\)
Đặt \(x^2+7x+11=y\), thay vào \(N\) ta được:
\(N=\dfrac{\left(y-1\right)\left(y+1\right)+1}{y}\)
\(=\dfrac{y^2-1+1}{y}\)
\(=\dfrac{y^2}{y}\)
\(=y\)
\(=x^2+7x+11\)
Vậy \(N=x^2+7x+11\).
\(\text{#}Toru\)
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