A=(5+5²+5³+5⁴+...+5²⁹+5³⁰) mà A chia hết cho 30
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Ta xét: (a^5 - a) + (b^5 - b) + (c^5 - c)
Ta có: a^5 - a = a(a^4 - 1) = a(a² - 1)(a² + 1) = a(a - 1)(a + 1)(a² + 1)
= a(a - 1)(a + 1)(a² - 4 + 5)
= a(a - 1)(a + 1)[ (a² - 4) + 5) ]
= a(a - 1)(a + 1)(a² - 4) + 5a(a - 1)(a + 1)
= a(a - 1)(a + 1)(a - 2)(a + 2) + 5a(a - 1)(a + 1)
= (a - 2)(a - 1)a(a + 1)(a + 2) + 5a(a - 1)(a + 1)
Do (a - 2)(a - 1)a(a + 1)(a + 2) là tích của 5 số nguyên liên tiếp => (a - 2)(a - 1)a(a + 1)(a + 2) chia hết cho 2, 3, 5 và 5a(a - 1)(a + 1) chia hết cho 5 và 2, 3 hay chia hết cho 2*3*5=30
=> (a - 2)(a - 1)a(a + 1)(a + 2) + 5a(a - 1)(a + 1) chia hết cho 30.
=> a^5 - a chia hết cho 30
=> (a^5 -a) + (b^5 -b) + (c^5 -c) = (a^5+b^5+c^5) -(a+b+c) chia hết cho 30 (*)
Do (a+b+c) chia hết cho 30
(*) => (a^5+b^5+c^5) chia hết cho 30
Đó là câu trả lời đúng.hihi :)
Ta xét (a^5 -a) + (b^5 -b) + (c^5 -c)
Ta có: a^5 - a = a(a^4 - 1) = a(a² - 1)(a² + 1) = a(a - 1)(a + 1)(a² + 1)
= a(a - 1)(a + 1)(a² - 4 + 5)
= a(a - 1)(a + 1)[ (a² - 4) + 5) ]
= a(a - 1)(a + 1)(a² - 4) + 5a(a - 1)(a + 1)
= a(a - 1)(a + 1)(a - 2)(a + 2) + 5a(a - 1)(a + 1)
= (a - 2)(a - 1)a(a + 1)(a + 2) + 5a(a - 1)(a + 1)
Do (a - 2)(a - 1)a(a + 1)(a + 2) là tích của 5 số nguyên liên tiếp => (a - 2)(a - 1)a(a + 1)(a + 2) chia hết cho 2, 3, 5 và 5a(a - 1)(a + 1) chia hết cho 5 và 2, 3 hay chia hết cho 2*3*5=30
=> (a - 2)(a - 1)a(a + 1)(a + 2) + 5a(a - 1)(a + 1) chia hết cho 30.
=> a^5 - a chia hết cho 30
=> (a^5 -a) + (b^5 -b) + (c^5 -c) = (a^5+b^5+c^5) -(a+b+c) chia hết cho 30 (*)
Do (a+b+c) chia hết cho 30
(*) => (a^5+b^5+c^5) chia hết cho 30
Ta thấy : \(a^5-a=a\left(a^4-1\right)=a\left(a^2-1\right)\left(a^2+1\right).\)
\(=a\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2-4+5\right)\)
\(=a\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2-4\right)+5a\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\)
\(=\left(a-2\right)\left(a-1\right)a\left(a+1\right)\left(a+2\right)+5a\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\)
Ta có :\(\left(a-2\right)\left(a-1\right)a\left(a+1\right)\left(a+2\right)\)là tích 5 số tự nhiên liên tiếp :
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-2\right)\left(a-1\right)a\left(a+1\right)\left(a+2\right)\)\(⋮\)\(5\)và cũng \(⋮\)\(6\)( cũng là 3 số tự nhiên liên tiếp )
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-2\right)\left(a-1\right)a\left(a+1\right)\left(a+2\right)\)\(⋮\)\(30\)\(\left(1\right)\)
Ta lại có : \(5\)\(⋮\)\(5\)và \(\left(a-1\right)a\left(a+1\right)\)\(⋮\)\(6\)
\(\Rightarrow5a\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\)\(⋮\)\(30\)\(\left(2\right)\)
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) \(\Rightarrow\left(a-2\right)\left(a-1\right)a\left(a+1\right)\left(a+2\right)+5a\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\)\(⋮\)\(30\)
Hay \(a^5-a\)\(⋮\)\(30\)
Tương tự \(b^5-b\)và \(c^5-c\)cũng chia hết cho 30
\(\Rightarrow a^5+b^5+c^5-\left(a+b+c\right)\)\(⋮\)\(30\)
Mà \(a+b+c\)\(⋮\)\(30\)
\(\Rightarrow a^5+b^5+c^5\)\(⋮\)\(30\)\(\left(đpcm\right)\)
a, Số nào chia hết cho 2 mà không chia hết cho 5: 422
b, Số nào chia hết cho 5 mà không chia hết cho 2: 105
c, Số nào chia hết cho cả 2 và 5: 6760
d, Số nào không chia hết cho cả 2 và 5: 3071
a, Số chia hết cho 2 mà không chia hết cho 5 là: 844
b, Số nào chia hết cho 5 mà không chia hết cho 2 là: 105
c, Số nào chia hết cho cả 2 và 5 là: 6740
d, Số nào không chia hết cho cả 2 và 5 là: 3071
Lời giải:
$A=(5+5^2)+(5^3+5^4)+...+(5^{29}+5^{30})$
$=(5+5^2)+5^2(5+5^2)+....+5^{28}(5+5^2)$
$=(5+5^2)(1+5^2+....+5^{28})=30(1+5^2+...+5^{28})\vdots 30$
em cảm ơn cô ạ