cho x,y>0 và x+y=1 tìm min p=\(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{1-x}}\)+\(\dfrac{y}{\sqrt{1-y}}\)
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Ta có: \(\sqrt{\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\right)\left(1+81\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(x+\dfrac{9}{y}\right)^2}\)
=> \(\sqrt{x^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}}\ge\dfrac{x+\dfrac{9}{y}}{\sqrt{82}}\)
Tương tự => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{y^2+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}\ge\dfrac{y+\dfrac{9}{z}}{\sqrt{82}}\\\sqrt{z^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}}\ge\dfrac{z+\dfrac{9}{x}}{\sqrt{82}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(P\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)+9\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)}{\sqrt{82}}\)
Mà x + y + z = 1
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{9}{x+y+z}=9\)
=> \(P\ge\sqrt{82}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cauchy:
\(P=\sum\dfrac{x^2\left(y+z\right)}{y\sqrt{y}+2z\sqrt{z}}\ge\sum\dfrac{2x^2\sqrt{yz}}{y\sqrt{y}+2z\sqrt{z}}=\sum\dfrac{2\sqrt{x^3}\sqrt{xyz}}{\sqrt{y^3}+2\sqrt{z^3}}=\sum\dfrac{2\sqrt{x^3}}{\sqrt{y^3}+2\sqrt{z^3}}\)(vì xyz=1).
đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^3}=a\\\sqrt{y^3}=b\\\sqrt{z^3}=c\end{matrix}\right.\)(\(a,b,c>0\))thì giả thiết trở thành cho abc=1. tìm Min \(P=\dfrac{2a}{b+2c}+\dfrac{2b}{c+2a}+\dfrac{2c}{a+2b}\)
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy-schwarz:
\(P=2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{ab+2ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+2ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ac+2bc}\right)\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=2\)( AM-GM \(3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le\left(a+b+c\right)^2\))
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=1 hay x=y=z=1
1. 1/x + 2/1-x = (1/x - 1) + (2/1-x - 2) + 3
= 1-x/x + (2-2(1-x))/1-x + 3
= 1-x/x + 2x/1-x + 3 >= 2√2 + 3
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x =√2 - 1
2. a = √z-1, b = √x-2, c = √y-3 (a,b,c >=0)
=> P = √z-1 / z + √x-2 / x + √y-3 / y
= a/a^2+1 + b/b^2+2 + c/c^2+3
a^2+1 >= 2a => a/a^2+1 <= 1/2
b^2+2 >= 2√2 b => b/b^2+2 <= 1/2√2
c^2+3 >= 2√3 c => c/c^2+3 <= 1/2√3
=> P <= 1/2 + 1/2√2 + 1/2√3
Dấu = xảy ra khi a^2 = 1, b^2 = 2, c^2 =3
<=> z-1 = 1, x-2 = 2, y-3 = 3
<=> x=4, y=6, z=2
a: \(=\dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt{6}+\dfrac{2}{3}\sqrt{6}-2\sqrt{3}=\dfrac{13}{6}\sqrt{6}-2\sqrt{3}\)
b: \(VT=\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}{\sqrt{xy}}\cdot\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)=\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^2\)
c: \(VT=\dfrac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{y}\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{x}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{y-x}{\sqrt{xy}\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)}=\dfrac{-\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}{\sqrt{xy}}\)
Lời giải:
Do $x+y=1$ nên:
$P=\frac{x}{\sqrt{x+y-x}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{x+y-y}}=\frac{x}{\sqrt{y}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{x}}$
$=\frac{x^2}{x\sqrt{y}}+\frac{y^2}{y\sqrt{x}}$
$\geq \frac{(x+y)^2}{x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}}=\frac{1}{x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}}$ (áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
$(x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x})^2\leq (x+y)(xy+xy)=2xy(x+y)\leq \frac{(x+y)^2}{2}(x+y)=\frac{1}{2}$
$\Rightarrow x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}\leq \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$
$\Rightarrow P\geq \frac{1}{x\sqrt{y}+y\sqrt{x}}\geq \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}=\sqrt{2}$
Vậy $P_{\min}=\sqrt{2}$. Giá trị này đạt tại $x=y=\frac{1}{2}$.