cho 300g CaCO3 vào 400g dung dịch HCL 7,3%
a, Tính Vkhí bay ra ở đktc
b,Tính C% các chất trong dung dịch sau phản ứng
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\(a,n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{300}{100}=3mol\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{400.7,3}{100.36,5}=0,8mol\\ CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{1}>\dfrac{0,8}{2}\Rightarrow CaCO_3dư\\ n_{CaCl_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot0,8=0,4mol\\ m_{dd}=0,4.100+400-0,4.44=422,4g\\ C_{\%CaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,4.111}{422,4}\cdot100=10,51\%\)
\(c)n_{KOH}=\dfrac{200.11,2}{100.56}=0,4mol\\ T=\dfrac{0,4}{0,4}=1\\ \Rightarrow Tạo.KHCO_3\\ CO_2+KOH\rightarrow KHCO_3\\ n_{KHCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,4mol\\ m_{KHCO_3}=0,4.100=40g\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{26}{65}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=\dfrac{300.10,95}{100}=32,85\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{32,85}{36,5}=0,9\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
trc p/u: 0,4 0,9
p/u : 0,4 0,8 0,4 0,4
sau p/u: 0 0,1 0,4 0,4
---> sau p/ư : HCl dư
\(a,V_{H_2}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\)
\(b,m_{HCl}=0,8.36,5=29,2\left(g\right)\)
\(c,m_{ZnCl_2}=0,4.136=54,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddZnCl_2}=26+300-\left(0,4.2\right)=325,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{54,4}{325,2}.100\%\approx16,73\%\)
\(m_{HCldư}=0,1.36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{HCldư}=\dfrac{3,65}{300}.100\%\approx1,22\%\)
mình không chắc là có phải tính lượng dư của HCl không nên câu nãy bạn cứ tính tương tự cho chắc ăn nha
\(n_K=\dfrac{9,75}{39}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{300.7,3\%}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2K + 2HCl --> 2KCl + H2
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,25}{2}< \dfrac{0,6}{2}\) => HCl dư
PTHH: 2K + 2HCl --> 2KCl + H2
0,25-->0,25-->0,25-->0,125
=> VH2 = 0,125.22,4 = 2,8 (l)
mKCl = 0,25.74,5 = 18,625 (g)
mdd sau pư = 9,75 + 300 - 0,125.2 = 309,5 (g)
mHCl(dư) = (0,6 - 0,25).36,5 = 12,775 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{KCl}=\dfrac{18,625}{309,5}.100\%=6,018\%\\C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{12,775}{309,5}.100\%=4,128\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) $n_{CaCO_3} = 0,15(mol)$
$CaCO_3 + 2HCl \to CaCl_2 + CO_2 + H_2O$
$n_{HCl} = 2n_{CaCO_3} = 0,3(mol)$
$m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,3.36,5}{7,3\%} = 150(gam)$
b)
$n_{CaCl_2} = n_{CO_2} = n_{CaCO_3} =0,15(mol)$
$V_{CO_2} = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36(lít)$
c)
$m_{dd} = 15 + 150 - 0,15.44 = 158,4(gam)$
$C\%_{CaCl_2} = \dfrac{0,15.111}{158,4}.100\% = 10,51\%$
\(a.n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=0,2.1,5=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,3}{2}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\\ \Rightarrow Mgdư\\ n_{H_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,3}{2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\\ b.V_{ddsau}=V_{ddHCl}=0,2\left(l\right)\\ C_{MddMgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,2}=0,75\left(M\right)\)
a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\); \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.14,6\%}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,8}{6}\) => Al hết, HCl dư
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2-->0,6---->0,2----->0,3
=> VH2 = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72 (l)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,8-0,6\right).36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mchất tan = 26,7 + 7,3 = 34 (g)
c) mdd sau pư = 5,4 + 200 - 0,3.2 = 204,8 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{26,7}{204,8}.100\%=13,04\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{7,3}{204,8}.100\%=3,56\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,2 0,3
\(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72L\\ m_{AlCl_3}=133,5.0,2=26,7g\\ m_{\text{dd}}=5,4+200-\left(0,3.2\right)=204,8g\\ C\%=\dfrac{26,7}{204,8}.100\%=13\%\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{400.30\%}{40}=3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{1,14.200.20\%}{36,5}=1,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: NaOH + HCl ----------> NaCl +H2O
Theo đề : 3.........1,25
Lập tỉ lệ :\(\dfrac{3}{1}>\dfrac{1,25}{1}\)=> Sau phản ứng NaOH dư, HCl phản ứng hết
Vậy các dung dịch sau phản ứng là NaOH dư và NaCl
Ta có : \(n_{NaCl}=n_{HCl}=1,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOHdư}=3-1,25=1,75\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ddsaupu}=400+1,14.200=628\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{NaOHdư}=\dfrac{1,75.40}{628}.100=11,15\%\)
\(C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{1,25.58,5}{628}.100=11,64\%\)
Ta có: \(m_{NaOH}=400.30\%=120\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{120}{40}=3\left(mol\right)\)
m dd HCl = 200.1,14 = 228 (g)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=228.20\%=45,6\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{45,6}{36,5}=\dfrac{456}{365}\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{3}{1}>\dfrac{\dfrac{456}{365}}{1}\), ta được NaOH dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH\left(pư\right)}=n_{NaCl}=n_{HCl}=\dfrac{456}{365}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{639}{365}\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 400 + 228 = 628 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{\dfrac{456}{365}.58,5}{628}.100\%\approx11,64\%\\C\%_{NaOH\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\dfrac{639}{365}.40}{628}.100\%\approx11,15\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
a)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
_____0,1<---0,2<-------0,1<---0,1
=> mHCl = 0,2.36,5 = 7,3 (g)
=> \(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{7,3.100}{7,3}=100\left(g\right)\)
mdd sau pư = 0,1.24 + 100 - 0,1.2 = 102,2 (g)
\(C\%\left(MgCl_2\right)=\dfrac{0,1.95}{102,2}.100\%=9,2955\%\)
b)
CTHH: AaOb
PTHH: \(A_aO_b+2bHCl->aACl_{\dfrac{2b}{a}}+bH_2O\)
____________0,2------->\(\dfrac{0,1a}{b}\)
=> \(\dfrac{0,1a}{b}\left(M_A+35,5.\dfrac{2b}{a}\right)=13,5\)
=> \(M_A=\dfrac{64b}{a}=\dfrac{2b}{a}.32\)
Nếu \(\dfrac{2b}{a}=1\) => MA = 32 (L)
Nếu \(\dfrac{2b}{a}=2\) => MA = 64(Cu)
a, Ta có: \(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{300}{100}=3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=400.7,3\%=29,2\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{29,2}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{3}{1}>\dfrac{0,8}{2}\), ta được CaCO3 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{CaCO_3\left(pư\right)}=n_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 0,4.100 + 400 - 0,4.44 = 422,4 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,4.111}{422,4}.100\%\approx10,51\%\)