cho a,b,c là 3 số dương thỏa man điều kiện: \(\dfrac{1}{a+b+1}+\dfrac{1}{b+c+1}+\dfrac{1}{c+a+1}=2\)
Tìm giá trị lớn nhất của tích (a+b)(b+c)(c+a)
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\(a^2+b^2-ab\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Bài làm :
Ta có :
\(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{4}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(1\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi : a=b
Chứng minh tương tự như trên ; ta có :
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{b+c}\text{≤}\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\left(2\right)\\\frac{1}{c+a}\text{≤}\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
Cộng vế với vế của (1) ; (2) ; (3) ; ta được :
\(A\text{≤}\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\text{=}\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi ;
\(\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c\\\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=3\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Vậy Max (A) = 3/2 khi a=b=c=1
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\) \(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\ge4ab\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\left(đúng\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{4}.\dfrac{4}{2a+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left[\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\right]=\dfrac{1}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{2b}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\right)\)
CMTT \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{2b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{2}{2a}+\dfrac{2}{2b}+\dfrac{2}{2c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}.4=1\)
\(minM=1\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Thỏa mãn $\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=1$ hay $a+b+c=1$ vậy bạn?
Very easy !!
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\left(a^2+b^2+1\right)\left(1+1+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+1}\le\dfrac{c^2+2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\). Tương tự ta cũng có:
\(\dfrac{1}{1+b^2+c^2}\le\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2};\dfrac{1}{1+c^2+a^2}\le\dfrac{b^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(T=\dfrac{1}{1+a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+c^2+a^2}\le\dfrac{6+a^2+b^2+c^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)
Lại có \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\ge6+a^2+b^2+c^2\) ( do \(ab+bc+ca=3\) )
\(\Rightarrow T\le\dfrac{6+a^2+b^2+c^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\le\dfrac{6+a^2+b^2+c^2}{6+a^2+b^2+c^2}=1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Đặt \(a+b=x,b+c=y,c+a=z\) với \(x,y,z>0\). Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}+\dfrac{1}{z+1}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+1}=2-\dfrac{1}{y+1}-\dfrac{1}{z+1}\) \(=1-\dfrac{1}{y+1}+1-\dfrac{1}{z+1}\) \(=\dfrac{y}{y+1}+\dfrac{z}{z+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+1}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{y+1}.\dfrac{z}{z+1}}\)
Tương tự, ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{y+1}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{z}{z+1}.\dfrac{x}{x+1}}\) và \(\dfrac{1}{z+1}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{x+1}.\dfrac{y}{y+1}}\)
Nhân theo vế 3 BĐT vừa tìm được, ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{x+1}.\dfrac{1}{y+1}.\dfrac{1}{z+1}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{y+1}.\dfrac{z}{z+1}}.2\sqrt{\dfrac{z}{z+1}.\dfrac{x}{x+1}}.2\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{x+1}.\dfrac{y}{y+1}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}\ge8.\dfrac{xyz}{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xyz\le\dfrac{1}{8}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\le\dfrac{1}{8}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Vậy GTLN của \(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\) là \(\dfrac{1}{8}\), xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{4}\)