Hòa tan 26,2g hỗn hợp Al2O3 và CuO thì cần phải dùng vừa đủ 250ml dung dịch H2SO4 2M. A)tính KL &%mỗi oxit trong hh bạn đầu B)tính KL muối sinh ra sau p/ư
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\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,25.2=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2O_3}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuO}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
x----------> 3x --------> x
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
y --------> y --------> y
Có hệ phương trình
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}102x+80y=26,2\\3x+y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%_{m_{Al_2O_3}}=\dfrac{102.0,1.100}{26,2}=38,93\%\)
\(\%_{m_{CuO}}=\dfrac{80.0,2.100}{26,2}=61,07\%\)
\(CM_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{x}{0,25}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,25}=0,4M\)
\(CM_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{y}{0,25}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,25}=0,8M\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,25.2=0,5mol\\ n_{Al_2O_3}=a,n_{CuO}=b\\ Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\\ CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a+b=0,5\\102a+80b=26,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow a=0,1;b=0,2\\ \%m_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{0,1.102}{26,2}\cdot100=39\%\\ \%m_{CuO}=100-39=61\%\)
Al2O3 + 3H2SO4\(\rightarrow\)Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O (1)
CuO + H2SO4\(\rightarrow\)CuSO4 + H2O (2)
Đặt nAl2O3=a
nCuO=b
Ta có hệ pt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}102a+80b=26,2\\3a+b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\)
a=0,1;b=0,2
mCuO=0,2.80=16(g)
% CuO=\(\dfrac{16}{26,2}.100\%=61\%\)
%Al2O3=100-61=39%
\(n_{FeO}=a\left(mol\right),n_{CuO}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{hh}=72a+80b=19.2\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(FeO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=a+b=0.25\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.1,b=0.15\)
\(m_{FeO}=0.1\cdot72=7.2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{CuO}=12\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{M_{FeSO_4}}=\dfrac{0.1}{0.25}=0.4\left(M\right)\)
\(C_{M_{CuSO_4}}=\dfrac{0.15}{0.25}=0.6\left(M\right)\)
Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol Al2O3, CuO
Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
CuO + H2SO4 → H2O + CuSO4
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}102x+80y=12,3\\3x+y=\dfrac{100.24,5\%}{98}=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> x= 0,056; y=0,082
=> \(\%m_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{0,056.102}{12,3}.100=46,44\%\)
=> %mCuO= 100 - 46,44= 53,56%
b)
Al2O3 + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2O
=> \(m_{HCl}=\dfrac{(0,056.6+0,082.2).36,5}{7\%}=260,7\%\)
đổi `250ml=0,25l`
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=C_M\cdot V_{ddH_2SO_4}=0,25\cdot2=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2O_3}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuO}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(PTHH:Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4->Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
tỉ lệ 1 : 3 : 1 ; 3
n(mol) a---------->3a-------------->a------------->3a
\(PTHH:CuO+H_2SO_4->CuSO_4+H_2O\)
tỉ lệ 1 : 1 : 1 : 1
n(mol) b-------->b------------>b----------->b
ta có hệ phương trình sau
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}102a+80b=26,2\\3a+b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\\ < =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2O_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al_2O_3}=0,1\cdot102=10,2\left(g\right)\\m_{CuO}=0,2\cdot80=16\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{10,2}{26,2}\cdot100\%\approx38,9\%\\\%m_{CuO}=100\%-38,9\%=61,1\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuSO_4}=b=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1\cdot342=34,2\left(g\right)\\m_{CuSO_4}=0,2\cdot160=32\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)