2. không tính kết quả, hay so sánh:
b) M= \(\dfrac{10^{2023}+1}{10^{2024}+1}\) và N= \(\dfrac{10^{2022}+1}{10^{2023}+1}\)
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Ta có :
\(\dfrac{10^{2023}}{10^{2024}}=\dfrac{10^{2022}}{10^{2023}}\)
mà \(\dfrac{10^{2023}}{10^{2024}}>\dfrac{10^{2023}-3}{10^{2024}-3}\)
\(\dfrac{10^{2022}}{10^{2023}}< \dfrac{10^{2022}+1}{10^{2023}+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{10^{2023}-3}{10^{2024}-3}< \dfrac{10^{2022}+1}{10^{2023}+1}\)
\(A=\dfrac{10^{2024}+1}{10^{2023}+1}=\dfrac{10\left(10^{2023}+1\right)}{10^{2023}+1}-\dfrac{9}{10^{2023}+1}=1-\dfrac{9}{10^{2023}+1}\)
\(B=\dfrac{10^{2023}+1}{10^{2022}+1}=\dfrac{10\left(10^{2022}+1\right)}{10^{2022}+1}-\dfrac{9}{10^{2022}+1}=1-\dfrac{9}{10^{2022}+1}\)
Vì \(\dfrac{9}{10^{2023}+1}< \dfrac{9}{10^{2022}+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow A>B\)
So sánh
A = \(\dfrac{2022^{2023}+1}{2022^{2024}+1}\) và B = \(\dfrac{2022^{2022}+1}{2022^{2023}+1}\)
Trước hết ta phải chứng minh \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+1}{b+1}\) (a, b ϵ N; a < b).
Thật vậy, \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a\left(b+1\right)}{b\left(b+1\right)}=\dfrac{a+ab}{b^2+b}\) và \(\dfrac{a+1}{b+1}=\dfrac{\left(a+1\right)b}{\left(b+1\right)b}=\dfrac{ab+b}{b^2+b}\).
Mà theo giả thuyết là a < b nên \(\dfrac{a+ab}{b^2+b}< \dfrac{ab+b}{b^2+b}\), suy ra \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+1}{b+1}\) (a, b ϵ N; a < b).
Từ đây ta có:
\(B=\dfrac{2022^{2022}+1}{2022^{2023}+1}=\dfrac{2022^{2023}+2022}{2022^{2024}+2022}=\dfrac{2022^{2023}+2021+1}{2022^{2024}+2021+1}\)
Đặt \(A_1=\dfrac{2022^{2023}+2}{2022^{2024}+2}=\dfrac{2022^{2023}+1+1}{2022^{2024}+1+1}\), rõ ràng \(A_1>A\).
Đặt \(A_2=\dfrac{2022^{2023}+3}{2022^{2024}+3}=\dfrac{2022^{2023}+2+1}{2022^{2024}+2+1}\), rõ ràng \(A_2>A_1\).
...
Đặt \(A_{2020}=\dfrac{2022^{2023}+2021}{2022^{2024}+2021}=\dfrac{2022^{2023}+2020+1}{2022^{2024}+2020+1}\), rõ ràng \(A_{2020}>A_{2019}\) và \(B>A_{2020}\).
Suy ra \(B>A_{2020}>A_{2019}>...>A_2>A_1>A\). Vậy A < B.
Ta có A = \(\dfrac{2022^{2023}}{2022^{2024}}=\dfrac{1}{2022}\) ; B = \(\dfrac{2022^{2022}}{2022^{2023}}=\dfrac{1}{2022}\)
Mà \(\dfrac{1}{2022}=\dfrac{1}{2022}\)
Vậy A = B
\(A=\dfrac{2024^{2023}+1}{2024^{2024}+1}\)
\(2024A=\dfrac{2024^{2024}+2024}{2024^{2024}+1}=\dfrac{\left(2024^{2024}+1\right)+2023}{2024^{2024}+1}=\dfrac{2024^{2024}+1}{2024^{2024}+1}+\dfrac{2023}{2024^{2024}+1}=1+\dfrac{2023}{2024^{2024}+1}\)
\(B=\dfrac{2024^{2022}+1}{2024^{2023}+1}\)
\(2024B=\dfrac{2024^{2023}+2024}{2024^{2023}+1}=\dfrac{\left(2024^{2023}+1\right)+2023}{2024^{2023}+1}=\dfrac{2024^{2023}+1}{2024^{2023}+1}+\dfrac{2023}{2024^{2023}+1}=1+\dfrac{2023}{2024^{2023}+1}\)
Vì \(2024>2023=>2024^{2024}>2024^{2023}\)
\(=>2024^{2024}+1>2024^{2023}+1\)
\(=>\dfrac{2023}{2024^{2023}+1}>\dfrac{2023}{2024^{2024}+1}\)
\(=>A< B\)
\(#PaooNqoccc\)
\(10A=\dfrac{10^{2023}+10}{10^{2023}+1}=1+\dfrac{9}{10^{2023}+1}\)
\(10B=\dfrac{10^{2022}+10}{10^{2022}+1}=1+\dfrac{9}{10^{2022}+1}\)
2023>2022
=>10^2023+1>10^2022+1
=>10A<10B
=>A<B
\(C=\dfrac{2^{2024}-3}{2^{2023}-1}=\dfrac{2.2^{2023}-2-1}{2^{2023}-1}=\dfrac{2\left(2^{2023}-1\right)-1}{2^{2023}-1}=2-\dfrac{1}{2^{2023}-1}\)
\(D=\dfrac{2^{2023}-3}{2^{2022}-1}=\dfrac{2.2^{2022}-2-1}{2^{2022}-1}=\dfrac{2\left(2^{2022}-1\right)-1}{2^{2022}-1}=2-\dfrac{1}{2^{2022}-1}\)
Ta có
\(2^{2023}>2^{2022}\Rightarrow2^{2023}-1>2^{2022}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2^{2023}-1}< \dfrac{1}{2^{2022}-1}\Rightarrow2-\dfrac{1}{2^{2023}-1}>2-\dfrac{1}{2^{2022}-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow C>D\)
A và B có phần mẫu số bằng nhau mà tử A có 10^2023 lớn hơn B có 10^2022 => A > B
b) \(M=\dfrac{10^{2023}+1}{10^{2024}+1}< 1\) ( Vì tử < mẫu )
Ta có: \(M=\dfrac{10^{2023}+1}{10^{2024}+1}< \dfrac{10^{2023}+1+9}{10^{2024}+1+9}=\dfrac{10^{2023}+10}{10^{2024}+10}=\dfrac{10.\left(10^{2022}+1\right)}{10.\left(10^{2023}+1\right)}=\dfrac{10^{2022}+1}{10^{2023}+1}=N\)
Vì \(\dfrac{10^{2023}+1}{10^{2024}+1}< \dfrac{10^{2022}+1}{10^{2023}+1}\) nên \(M< N\)