1) Tìm GTLN:
A = x2 + 5y2 + 2xy -4x -8y +2015
B= (x- 2012)2 + (x+2013)2
C= (x-1) (2x-1) (2x2- 3x -1) +2017
D= (x-1) (x-3) (x-4) (x-6) +10
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a) \(A=x^2+5y^2+2xy-4x-8y+2015\)
\(A=x^2-4x+4-2y\left(x-2\right)+y^2+2011+4y^2\)
\(A=\left(x-2\right)^2-2y\left(x-2\right)+y^2+2011+4y^2\)
\(A=\left(x-2-y\right)^2+4y^2+2011\)
Vì \(\left(x-y-2\right)^2\ge0;4y^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow A_{min}=2011\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra : \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y-2=0\\4y^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 3:
a) Ta có: \(A=25x^2-20x+7\)
\(=\left(5x\right)^2-2\cdot5x\cdot2+4+3\)
\(=\left(5x-2\right)^2+3>0\forall x\)(đpcm)
d) Ta có: \(D=x^2-2x+2\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+1\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+1>0\forall x\)(đpcm)
Bài 1:
a) Ta có: \(A=x^2-2x+5\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+4\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+4\ge4\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=1
b) Ta có: \(B=x^2-x+1\)
\(=x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
1.
a) \(2x^4-4x^3+2x^2\)
\(=2x^2\left(x^2-2x+1\right)\)
\(=2x^2\left(x-1\right)^2\)
b) \(2x^2-2xy+5x-5y\)
\(=\left(2x^2-2xy\right)+\left(5x-5y\right)\)
\(=2x\left(x-y\right)+5\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\cdot\left(2x+5\right)\)
2 .
a,
\(4x\left(x-3\right)-x+3=0\)
⇒\(4x\left(x-3\right)-\left(x-3\right)=0\)
⇒\(\left(x-3\right)\left(4x-1\right)=0\)
⇒\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-3=0\\4x-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\4x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=\dfrac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
vậy \(x\in\left\{3;\dfrac{1}{4}\right\}\)
b,
\(\)\(\left(2x-3\right)^2-\left(x+1\right)^2=0\)
⇒\(\left(2x-3-x-1\right)\left(2x-3+x+1\right)\) = 0
⇒\(\left(x-4\right)\left(3x-2\right)=0\)
⇔\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-4=0\\3x-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\3x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\x=\dfrac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
vậy \(x\in\left\{4;\dfrac{2}{3}\right\}\)
a) Ta có: \(\left(x^2-5x\right)^2+10\left(x^2-5x\right)+24=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-5x\right)^2+4\left(x^2-5x\right)+6\left(x^2-5x\right)+24=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-5x\right)\left(x^2-5x+4\right)+6\left(x^2-5x+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-5x+6\right)\left(x^2-5x+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2x-3x+6\right)\left(x^2-x-4x+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[x\left(x-2\right)-3\left(x-2\right)\right]\left[x\left(x-1\right)-4\left(x-1\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x-4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\x-2=0\\x-3=0\\x-4=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=2\\x=3\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: S={1;2;3;4}
b) Ta có: \(\left(2x+1\right)^2-2x-1=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)^2-\left(2x+1\right)-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)^2-2\left(2x+1\right)+\left(2x+1\right)-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)\left(2x+1-2\right)+\left(2x+1-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1+1\right)\left(2x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+2\right)\left(2x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+2=0\\2x-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=-2\\2x=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(S=\left\{-1;\dfrac{1}{2}\right\}\)
c) Ta có: \(x\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^3-x^2+x-x^2+x-1\right)-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^3-2x^2+2x-1\right)-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4-2x^3+2x^2-x-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4-2x^3+2x^2-4x+3x-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3\left(x-2\right)+2x\left(x-2\right)+3\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^3+2x+3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^3-x+3x+3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left[x\left(x^2-1\right)+3\left(x+1\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left[x\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)+3\left(x+1\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+3\right)=0\)
mà \(x^2-x+3>0\forall x\)
nên (x-2)(x+1)=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: S={2;-1}
d) Ta có: \(\left(x^2+1\right)^2+3x\left(x^2+1\right)+2x^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+1\right)^2+2x\left(x^2+1\right)+x\left(x^2+1\right)+2x^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x^2+1+2x\right)+x\left(x^2+1+2x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2\cdot\left(x^2+x+1\right)=0\)
mà \(x^2+x+1>0\forall x\)
nên x+1=0
hay x=-1
Vậy: S={-1}
\(A=\left(2x-1\right)^2+9\ge9\\ A_{min}=9\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\ B=2\left(x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{3}{4}x+\dfrac{9}{16}\right)+\dfrac{1}{8}=2\left(x-\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{8}\ge\dfrac{1}{8}\\ B_{min}=\dfrac{1}{8}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{4}\\ C=\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)+2\left(2x+y\right)+1+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)-4\\ C=\left[\left(2x+y\right)^2+2\left(2x+y\right)+1\right]+\left(y+2\right)^2-4\\ C=\left(2x+y+1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2-4\ge-4\\ C_{min}=-4\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-1-y\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(D=\left(3x-1-2x\right)^2=\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\\ D_{min}=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\\ G=\left(9x^2+6xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+1\\ G=\left(3x+y\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+1\ge1\\ G_{min}=1\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x=-y\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(H=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+\left(2y^2+4y+2\right)+2\\ H=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+2\left(y+1\right)^2+2\ge2\\ H_{min}=2\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x=-1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=-1\)
Ta luôn có \(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2xz\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2xz\ge3xy+3yz+3xz\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3^2}{3}\ge xy+yz+xz\\ \Leftrightarrow K\le3\\ K_{max}=3\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
\(a.\left(x^2+4x+4\right)+\left(x^2-6x+9\right)=2x^2+14x\)
\(x^2+4x+4+x^2-6x+9-2x^2-14x=0\)
\(-18x+13=0\)
\(x=\dfrac{13}{18}\)
Vậy \(S=\left\{\dfrac{13}{18}\right\}\)
\(b.\left(x-1\right)^3-125=0\)
\(\left(x-1\right)^3=125\)
\(x-1=5\)
\(x=6\)
Vậy \(S=\left\{6\right\}\)
\(c.\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y +2\right)^2=0\)
\(Do\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x;\left(y+2\right)^2\ge0\forall y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\)
Mà \(\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)^2=0\\\left(y+2\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\y+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(S=\left\{1;-2\right\}\)
\(d.x^2-4x+4+x^2-2xy+y^2=0\)
\(\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-2\right)^2=0\\\left(x-y\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\x-y=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(S=\left\{2;2\right\}\)
C=(2x-1)(x-1)(2x^2-3x-1)+2017
=(2x^2-3x+1)(2x^2-3x-1)+2017
=(2x^2-3x)^2-1+2017
=(2x^2-3x)^2+2016>=2016
Dấu = xảy ra khi 2x^2-3x=0
=>x=0 hoặc x=3/2
D=(x-1)(x-6)(x-3)(x-4)+10
=(x^2-7x+6)(x^2-7x+12)+10
=(x^2-7x)^2+18*(x^2-7x)+72+10
=(x^2-7x+9)^2+1>=1
Dấu = xảy ra khi x^2-7x+9=0
=>\(x=\dfrac{7\pm\sqrt{13}}{2}\)