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a.\(Fe+S\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)FeS\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(FeS+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2S\)
b.\(n_{hhk}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2mol\)
\(Fe+S\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)FeS\)
Ta thu được hh khí --> S hết, Fe dư
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=x\\n_S=y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow n_{FeS}=n_{Fe}=n_S\rightarrow n_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=x-y\) ( mol )
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(x-y\) \(x-y\) ( mol )
\(FeS+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2S\)
y y ( mol )
Ta có: \(\left(x-y\right)+y=0,2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=0,2\)
Ta có:\(56x+32y=14,4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow56.0,2+32y=14,4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y=0,1\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,2.56}{14,4}.100=77,77\%\\\%m_S=100\%-77,77\%=22,23\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,896}{22,4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,04\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,04.65=2,6\left(g\right)\)
⇒ mCu = 9 - 2,6 = 6,4 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{2,6}{9}.100\%\approx28,89\%\\\%m_{Cu}\approx71,11\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, PT: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{21,6}.100\%\approx25,93\%\\\%m_{Fe_2O_3}\approx100-25,93=74,07\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a.Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ b.Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{18,48}{22,4}=0,825\left(mol\right)\\ Tacó:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=17,1\\x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=0.825\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,375\\y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,375.24}{17,1}.100=52,63\%\\ \%m_{Al}=47,37\%\)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{7,2}{24}=0,3\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:2Mg+O_2-^{t^o}\rightarrow2MgO\) (1)
Theo đề : 0,3........0,1
Lập tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{2}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\) => Mg dư, O2 phản ứng hết
\(n_{Mg\left(pứ\right)}=2n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(Mg_{dư}+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)(2)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\) (3)
Khí Y là H2
Theo PT (2) : \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg\left(dư\right)}=0,3-0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
Dung dịch X là MgCl2
\(m_{ddsaupu}=0,1.24+0,2.40+75-0,1.2=85,2\left(g\right)\)
=>\(C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{\left(0,2+0,1\right).95}{85,2}.100=33,45\%\)
2) n Mg = \(\dfrac{7,2}{24}\) = 0,3 (mol)
n O2 = \(\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}\)= 0,1 (mol)
Mg + 1/2O2 --to> MgO
0,2 <--- 0,1 --------> 0,2
n Mg dư = 0,3 - 0,2 = 0,1 (mol)
n MgO = 0,2 (mol)
MgO + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2O
0,2 ------> 0,4 (mol)
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
0,1 --> 0,2 ------- --------> 0,1 (mol)
V H2 = 0,1 . 22,4 = 2,24 (lít)
m Ct=\(\dfrac{100.29,2\%}{100\%}\)=92,2g
m HCl = \(\dfrac{29,2}{36,5}\) = 0,8 (mol) > 0,6 (mol) Pứ hết cho ra MgCl2
m dd = m MgO + m Mg + m HCl dd - m H2
= 0,2.40 + 0,1.24 + 100 - 0,1.2 = 110,2 (g)
\(C\%=\dfrac{0,3.95}{110,2}.100\%=25,86\%\)
2) n Mg = \(\dfrac{7,2}{24}\) = 0,3 (mol)
n O2 = \(\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}\)= 0,1 (mol)
Mg + 1/2O2 --to> MgO
0,2 <--- 0,1 --------> 0,2
n Mg dư = 0,3 - 0,2 = 0,1 (mol)
n MgO = 0,2 (mol)
MgO + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2O
0,2 ------> 0,4 (mol)
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
0,1 --> 0,2 ------- --------> 0,1 (mol)
V H2 = 0,1 . 22,4 = 2,24 (lít)
m Ct=\(\dfrac{100.29,2\%}{100\%}\)
m HCl = \(\dfrac{29,2}{36,5}\) = 0,8 (mol) > 0,6 (mol) Pứ hết cho ra MgCl2
m dd = m MgO + m Mg + m HCl dd - m H2
= 0,2.40 + 0,1.24 + 100 - 0,1.2 = 110,2 (g)
\(C\%=\dfrac{0,3.95}{110,2}.100\%=25,86\%\)
nH2=0,1(mol)
PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
0,1__________0,2___________0,1(mol)
MgO + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2O
0,05____0,1___0,05(mol)
mMg=0,1. 24= 2,4(g) -> mMgO=4,4-2,4= 2(g) -> nMgO=0,05((mol)
b) %mMg= (2,4/4,4).100=54,545%
=> %mMgO=45,455%
c) nHCl=0,3(mol) -> mHCl=0,3.36,5=10,95(g)
=> mddHCl=(10,95.100)/7,3=150(g)
\(a)2Na+2HCl\xrightarrow[]{}2NaCl+H_2\\ 2K+2HCl\xrightarrow[]{}2KCl+H_2 \\ b)n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1mol\\ n_{Na}=a,n_K=b\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}23a+39b=6,2\\\dfrac{1}{2}a+\dfrac{1}{2}b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow a=b=0,1mol\\ \%_{Na}=\dfrac{0,1.23}{6,2}\cdot100=37,1\%\\ \%_K=100-37,1=62,9\%\)
%m Na , %m K nhé bn