1) Hòa tan kim loại Al trong dung dịch Acid H2SO4, sau phản ứng thu được muối Al2(SO4) 3 và 7.437 (l) khí H2 (đktc) Cần lấy bao nhiêu g Zn tác dụng với bao nhiêu g HCl để thu được lượng H2 tương ứng trên, biết sản phẩm có tạo thành muối ZnCl2
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a) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{12}{56}=\dfrac{3}{14}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(\dfrac{3}{14}\)---------------------->\(\dfrac{3}{14}\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{14}.22,4=4,8\left(l\right)\)
b) \(n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{8,1}{81}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(ZnO+H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Zn+H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(0,1< \dfrac{3}{14}\Rightarrow H_2\) dư
Theo PT: \(n_{Zn}=n_{ZnO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(1mol\) \(1mol\)
\(\dfrac{3}{14}mol\) \(\dfrac{3}{14}mol\)
\(a)n_{Fe}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{12}{56}\approx0,21=\dfrac{3}{14}\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=n.22,4=\dfrac{3}{14}.22,4=4,8\left(l\right)\)
\(b)n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{8,1}{81}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(ZnO+H_2\rightarrow Zn+H_2O\)
\(1mol\) \(1mol\) \(1mol\)
\(0,1mol\) \(0,1mol\) \(0,1mol\)
\(\text{Ta thấy }H_2\text{ dư,ZnO phản ứng hết.Bài toán tính theo ZnO}\)
\(m_{Zn}=n.M=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\)
\(a,PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ b,n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=2\cdot0,15=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Vì \(\dfrac{n_{Zn}}{1}>\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}\) nên sau p/ứ Zn dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,15\cdot65=9,75\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=13-9,75=3,25\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,15\cdot22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
$a) 2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2$
$b) n_{Al} = \dfrac{10,8}{27} = 0,4(mol)$
Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} = 0,6(mol)$
$m_{H_2SO_4} = 0,6.98 = 58,8(gam)$
$c) n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al} = 0,2(mol) \Rightarrow m_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = 0,2.342 = 68,4(gam)$
$d) n_{H_2} = n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,6(mol) \Rightarrow V_{H_2} = 0,6.22,4 = 13,44(lít)$
\(a,2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(b.n_{Al}=\dfrac{m}{M}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(Theo.PTHH\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=1,5.0,4=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=n.M=0,6.98=58,8\left(g\right)\)
\(c,Theo.PTHH\Rightarrow n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,5.0,4=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n.M=0,2.342=68,4\left(g\right)\\ d,V_{H_2\left(dktc\right)}=n.22,4=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Zn} = a(mol) ; n_{Al} = b(mol) ; n_{Mg} = c(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 65a + 27b + 24c = 44,1(1)\\ Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3 H_2\\ Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b + c = \dfrac{31,36}{22,4} = 1,4(2)\\ Mà : 2a = 3b(3)\\ (1)(2)(3) \Rightarrow a = 0,3 ; b = 0,2 ; c = 0,8\\ \%m_{Zn} = \dfrac{0,3.65}{44,1}.100\% = 44,22\%\\ \%m_{Al} = \dfrac{0,2.27}{44,1}.100\% = 12,24\%\)
\(\%m_{Mg} = 100\% -44,22\% -12,24\% = 43,54\%\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
a. \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{muối}=0,1.161=16,1\left(g\right)\)
b. \(n_{H_2thu.được}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(H_2+\dfrac{1}{2}O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}H_2O\)
0,1 0,05
\(V_{O_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{không.khí}=1,12.5=5,6\left(l\right)\)
\(1.\\ n_A=\dfrac{16,8}{A}mol\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,437}{24,79}=0,3mol\\ A+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{16,8}{A}=0,3\\ \Rightarrow A=56g/mol\\ \Rightarrow A.là.Fe\\ \Rightarrow Chọn.A\\ 2.\\ n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1mol\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1mol\\ V_{H_2}=0,1.24,79=2,479l\\ \Rightarrow Chọn.B\\ 3.\\ Axit:H_2SO_4;HCl\\ \Rightarrow Chọn.B\\ 4.\\ 3,719l\Rightarrow3,7185\\ CTHH:R\\ n_R=\dfrac{3,6}{R}mol\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,7185}{24,79}=0,15mol\\ R+2HCl\rightarrow RCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{3,6}{R}=0,15\\ \Rightarrow R=24g/mol,Mg\\ \Rightarrow Chọn.B\)
C2:
PTHH: 2Al+6HCl →2AlCl3 +3H2
a)
Ta có:
\(+n_{Al}=\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(+n_{HCl}=\dfrac{21,9}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Biện luận:
\(\dfrac{0,3}{2}>\dfrac{0,6}{6}\)
⇒Al dư, HCl pư hết.
\(+n_{Al}\)dư =0,3-0,2=0,1(mol
\(+m_{Al}\)dư =0,1.27=2,7(gam)
b)
\(+n_{AlCl_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
⇒\(m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(gam\right)\)
c) PTHH: H2+CuO→Cu+H2O
\(+n_{CuO}=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(+m_{CuO}=0,3.80=24\left(gam\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt.
\(1.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5.6}{22.4}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(2N+2nHCl\rightarrow2NCl_n+nH_2\)
\(\dfrac{0.5}{n}.....0.5...............0.25\)
\(M_N=\dfrac{16.25}{\dfrac{0.5}{n}}=32.5n\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
\(BL:n=2\Rightarrow N=65\)
\(Nlà:Zn\)
Không tính được thể tích vì thiếu nồng độ mol nhé.
\(2.\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{8.1}{27}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{21.9}{36.5}=0.6\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(0.2........0.6..........0.2...........0.3\)
\(m_{Al\left(dư\right)}=\left(0.3-0.2\right)\cdot27=2.7\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{AlCl_3}=0.2\cdot133.5=26.7\left(g\right)\)
\(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^0}Cu+H_2O\)
\(0.3.....0.3\)
\(m_{CuO}=0.3\cdot80=24\left(g\right)\)
\(Zn+2HCl->ZnCl_2+H_2\\ m_{Zn}=\dfrac{7,437}{24,79}\cdot65=19,5g\\ m_{HCl}=\dfrac{7,437}{24,79}\cdot2\cdot36,5=21,9g\)