Hãy tìm giá trị lớn nhất hoặc bé nhất của các biểu thức sau:
a.A=x^2-x+3
b.B=x^2-4x+1
c.C=9x+2-3x
d.D=3-4x-x^2
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a: Để A nguyên thì \(2x-3\in\left\{1;-1;7;-7\right\}\)
hay \(x\in\left\{2;1;5;-2\right\}\)
\(...=A=x^3-3x^2+3x-1+1013\)
\(A=\left(x-1\right)^3+1013=\left(11-1\right)^3+1013=1000+1013=2013\)
\(...B=x^3-6x^2+12x-8-100\)
\(B=\left(x-2\right)^3-100=\left(12-2\right)^3-100=1000-100=900\)
\(...C=\left(x-2y\right)^3=\left(-2y-2y\right)^3=\left(-4y\right)^3=-64y^3\)
\(...D=x^3+9x^2+27x+9+2018\)
\(D=\left(x+3\right)^3+2018=\left(-23+3\right)^3+2018=-8000+2018=-5982\)
a) \(A=x^3-3x^2+3x+1012\)
\(A=x^3-3\cdot x^2\cdot1+3\cdot x\cdot1^2-1+1013\)
\(A=\left(x-1\right)^3+1013\)
Thay x=11 vào A ta có:
\(A=\left(11-1\right)^3+1013=10^3+1013=1000+1013=2013\)
b) \(B=x^3-6x^2+12x-108\)
\(B=x^3-3\cdot2\cdot x^2+3\cdot2^2\cdot x-8-100\)
\(B=\left(x-2\right)^3-100\)
Thay x=12 vào B ta có:
\(B=\left(12-2\right)^3-100=10^3-100=1000-100=900\)
c) \(C=x^3+6x^2y+12xy^2+8y^3\)
\(C=x^3+3\cdot2y\cdot x^2+3\cdot\left(2y\right)^2\cdot x+\left(2y\right)^3\)
\(C=\left(x+2y\right)^3\)
Thay x=-2y vào C ta được:
\(C=\left(-2y+2y\right)^3=0^3=0\)
d) \(D=x^3+9x^2+27x+2027\)
\(D=x^3+3\cdot3\cdot x^2+3\cdot3^2\cdot x+27+2000\)
\(D=\left(x+3\right)^3+2000\)
Thay x=-23 vào D ta có:
\(D=\left(-23+3\right)^3+2000=\left(-20\right)^3+2000=-8000+2000=-6000\)
\(A=x^2-4x+10=x^2-4x+4+6=\left(x-2\right)^2+6\ge6\)
Vậy GTNN A là 6 khi x - 2 = 0 <=> x = 2
\(B=\left(1-x\right)\left(3x-4\right)=3x-4-3x^2+4x=-3x^2+7x-4\)
\(=-3\left(x^2-\frac{7}{3}x+\frac{4}{3}\right)=-3\left(x^2-2.\frac{7}{6}x+\frac{49}{36}-\frac{1}{36}\right)=-3\left(x-\frac{7}{6}\right)^2+\frac{1}{12}\ge\frac{1}{12}\)
\(=3\left(x-\frac{7}{6}\right)^2-\frac{1}{12}\le-\frac{1}{12}\)Vậy GTLN B là -1/12 khi x = 7/6
\(C=3x^2-9x+5=3\left(x^2-3x+\frac{5}{3}\right)=3\left(x^2-2.\frac{3}{2}x+\frac{9}{4}-\frac{7}{12}\right)\)
\(=3\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2-\frac{7}{4}\ge-\frac{7}{4}\)Vậy GTNN C là -7/4 khi x = 3/2
\(D=-2x^2+5x+2=-2\left(x^2-\frac{5}{2}x-1\right)=-2\left(x^2-2.\frac{5}{4}x+\frac{25}{16}-\frac{41}{16}\right)\)
\(=-2\left(x-\frac{5}{4}\right)^2+\frac{21}{8}\le\frac{21}{8}\)Vậy GTLN D là 21/8 khi x = 5/4
a: Ta có: \(x^2+x+1\)
\(=x^2+2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
b: Ta có: \(-x^2+x+2\)
\(=-\left(x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{9}{4}\right)\)
\(=-\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{9}{4}\le\dfrac{9}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Bài 1: \(A=2x^2-8x=2\left(x^2-4x\right)\)
\(=2\left(x^2-4x+4\right)-8=2\left(x-2\right)^2-8\ge-8\)
Vậy MinA= -8 \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
\(B=3x^2-3x=3\left(x^2-x\right)=3\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)-\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=3\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{4}\ge-\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Vậy \(Min_B=-\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(C=x^2+y^2-2x+4y+7=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+2\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+2\ge2\)
Vậy \(Min_C=2\Leftrightarrow x=1;y=-2\)
\(D=x^2+4y^2+x+4y+2=\left(x^2+x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\left(4y^2+4y+1\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(2y+1\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Vậy \(Min_D=\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=y=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Bài 2: \(A=x-x^2=-\left(x^2-x\right)=-\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(=-\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Vậy \(Max_A=\dfrac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(B=3x-2x^2=-2\left(x^2-\dfrac{3}{2}x\right)\)
\(=-2\left(x^2-\dfrac{3}{2}x+\dfrac{9}{16}\right)+\dfrac{9}{8}\)
\(=-2\left(x-\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{9}{8}\le\dfrac{9}{8}\)
Vậy \(Max_B=\dfrac{9}{8}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(C=2x-2x^2-3=-2\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\)
\(=-2\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{5}{4}\right)=-2\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{5}{2}\le-\dfrac{5}{2}\)
Vậy \(Max_C=-\dfrac{5}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
c: \(-x^2+2x-2=-\left(x-1\right)^2-1\le-1\forall x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow V\ge-1\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=1
\(A=x^2-x+3=x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}+3=\left(x-2\right)^2+\dfrac{11}{4}\ge\dfrac{11}{4}\left(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow Min\left(A\right)=\dfrac{11}{4}\)
\(B=x^2-4x+1=x^2-4x+4-4+1=\left(x-2\right)^2-3\ge-3\left(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow Min\left(B\right)=-3\)
Câu C bạn xem lại đề
\(D=3-4x-x^2=3+4-4-4x-x^2=7-\left(x^2+4x+4\right)=7-\left(x+2\right)^2\le7\left(-\left(x+2\right)^2\le0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow Max\left(D\right)=7\)
\(A=x^2-2.\dfrac{1}{2}.x+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{11}{4}\\ =\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{11}{4}\ge\dfrac{11}{4}\forall x\in R\)
Vậy GTNN của A là 11/4 khi x=1/2