Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
There are three valid arguments to support the preservation of endangered species. An aesthetic justification contends that biodiversity contributes to the quality of life because many of the endangered plants and animals are particularly appreciated for their unique physical beauty. The aesthetic role of nature in all its diverse forms is reflected in the art and literature of every culture, attaining symbolic status in the spiritual life of many groups. According to the proponents of the aesthetic argument, people need nature in all its diverse and beautiful forms as part of the experience of the world.
Another argument that has been put forward, especially by groups in the medical and pharmacological fields, is that of ecological self–interest. By preserving all species, we retain a balance of nature that is ultimately beneficial to humankind. Recent research on global ecosystems has been cited as evidence that every species contributes important or even essential functions that may be necessary to the survival of our own species. Some advocates of the ecological argument contend that important chemical compounds derived from rare plants may contain the key to a cure for one of the diseases currently threatening human beings. If we do not protect other species, then they cannot protect us.
Apart from human advantage in both the aesthetic and ecological arguments, the proponents of a moral justification contend that all species have the right to exist, a viewpoint stated in the United Nations World Charter for Nature, created in 1982. Furthermore, if humankind views itself as the stewards of all the creatures on Earth, then it is incumbent upon human beings to protect them, and to ensure the continued existence of all species. Moral justification has been extended by a movement called "deep ecology", the members of which rank the biosphere higher than people because the continuation of life depends on this larger perspective. To carry their argument to its logical conclusion, all choices must be made for the biosphere, not for people.
(Source: Adapted from Reading Practice for the TOEFL)
What does the author mean by the statement in the first paragraph?
"According to the proponents of the aesthetic argument, people need nature in all its diverse and beautiful forms as part of the experience of the world"?
A. The world is experienced by nature in various forms that are equally beautiful
B. People are naturally attracted to beautiful forms father than to different ones
C. An appreciation of the Earth requires that people have an opportunity to enjoy the diversity and beauty of nature
D. Nature is beautiful because it provides varied experiences for people
1. That woman has been under the rain for hours.
- Subject: That woman
- Verb phrase: has been
- Prepositional phrase: under the rain
- Duration: for hours
2. Fishermen spend all their lifetime on the sea for living.
- Subject: Fishermen
- Verb phrase: spend
- Duration: all their lifetime
- Location: on the sea
- Purpose: for living
3. We rested by the river for some minutes before the last journey.
- Subject: We
- Verb: rested
- Location: by the river
- Duration: for some minutes
- Time: before the last journey
4. My dad was a dentist in a hospital 5 years ago.
- Possessive pronoun: My
- Noun: dad
- Verb: was
- Occupation: a dentist
- Location: in a hospital
- Time: 5 years ago
5. They built some more high buildings all over the city last year.
- Subject: They
- Verb: built
- Quantity: some more
- Attribute: high
- Objects: buildings
- Location: all over the city
- Time: last year
6. My children are growing up together with my best care.
- Possessive pronoun: My
- Noun: children
- Verb: are growing up
- Manner: together
- Prepositional phrase: with my best care