Xét số thực \(x\) ≠ 0, \(\pm\)1 thỏa mãn \(x\) - \(\dfrac{1}{x}\) là số nguyên. Chứng minh rằng\(\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^{2023}\)là số vô tỉ.
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Ta có \(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}+\dfrac{2}{xyz}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(yz\right)^2+\left(xz\right)^2+\left(xy\right)^2+2xyz}{\left(xyz\right)^2}=1\)
<=> (xy)2 + (yz)2 + (zx)2 + 2xyz = (xyz)2
<=> (xy)2 + (yz)2 + (xz)2 + 2xyz(x + y + z) = (xyz)2
<=> (xy + yz + zx)2 = (xyz)2
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}xy+yz+zx=xyz\\xy+yz+zx=-xyz\end{matrix}\right.\)
+) Khi xy + yz + zx = -xyz
=> \(\dfrac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=-1< 0\left(\text{loại}\right)\)
=> xy + yz + zx = xyz
<=> \(xyz\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=xyz\Leftrightarrow xyz\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}-1\right)=0\)
<=> \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=1\)
<=> \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\)
<=> \(\dfrac{x+y}{xy}=\dfrac{-\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y+z\right)z}\)
<=> \(\left(x+y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{xz+yz+z^2}+\dfrac{1}{xy}\right)=0\)
<=> \(\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}{\left(zx+yz+z^2\right)xy}=0\)
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\y=-z\\z=-x\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi x = -y => y = 1 => P = 1
Tương tự y = -z ; z = -x được P = 1
Vậy P = 1
\(F\left(x\right)=\int\left(e^x.ln\left(ax\right)+\dfrac{e^x}{x}\right)dx=\int e^xln\left(ax\right)dx+\int\dfrac{e^x}{x}dx=\int e^xlnxdx+\int\dfrac{e^x}{x}dx+\int e^x.lna.dx\)
Xét \(I=\int e^xlnxdx\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=lnx\\dv=e^xdx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\dfrac{dx}{x}\\v=e^x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=lnx.e^x-\int\dfrac{e^x}{x}dx\)
\(\Rightarrow F\left(x\right)=e^x.lnx+e^x.lna+C\)
\(F\left(\dfrac{1}{a}\right)=e^{\dfrac{1}{a}}ln\left(\dfrac{1}{a}\right)+e^{\dfrac{1}{a}}.lna+C=0\Rightarrow C=0\)
\(F\left(2020\right)=e^{2020}ln\left(2020\right)+e^{2020}.lna=e^{2020}\)
\(\Rightarrow ln\left(2020a\right)=1\Rightarrow a=\dfrac{e}{2020}\)
a: \(\left|a-2b+3\right|^{2023}>=0\forall a,b\)
\(\left(b-1\right)^{2024}>=0\forall b\)
Do đó: \(\left|a-2b+3\right|^{2023}+\left(b-1\right)^{2024}>=0\forall a,b\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-2b+3=0\\b-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=1\\a=2b-3=2\cdot1-3=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay a=-1 và b=1 vào P, ta được:
\(P=\left(-1\right)^{2023}\cdot1^{2024}+2024=2024-1=2023\)
Có VT = \(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2-\dfrac{2}{xy}-\dfrac{2}{yz}-\dfrac{2}{zx}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2-\dfrac{2}{xyz}\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}=\left|\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right|=VP\) (Vì x + y + z = 0)
cái chỗ math processing error kia là \(3\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{y^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{z^2+1}\right)+\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)\left(1+z^2\right)\ge\dfrac{985}{108}\)
Từ \(x\left(\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)+y\left(\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)+z\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)=-2\) ta có:
\(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x+xy^2+yz^2+zx^2+2xyz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\y+z=0\\z+x=0\end{matrix}\right.\).
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử x + y = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3=-y^3\).
Kết hợp với \(x^3+y^3+z^3=1\) ta có \(z^3=1\Leftrightarrow z=1\).
Vậy \(P=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{-y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{1}=1\).
Áp dụng bđt Cô-si vào 2 số dương có:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}\Rightarrow\sqrt{xy}\ge4\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\ge2\sqrt{\sqrt{xy}}=2\sqrt{4}=4\)
Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=4\)
`1/x+1/y>=2/(\sqrt{xy})`
`<=>1/2>=2/(\sqrt{xy})`
`<=>\sqrt{xy}>=4`
`=>\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}>=2.2=4`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `x=y=4`