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Câu 1:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2.91362}{22.4}=0.13mol\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
a a a a
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
2b 3b b 3b
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+54b=2.58\\a+3b=0.13\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.04\\b=0.03\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.04\times24=0.96g\)
\(m_{Al}=0.03\times2\times27=1.62g\)
\(V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.04+3\times0.03}{0.5}=0.26l\)
Câu 2:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3.136}{22.4}=0.14mol\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
a a a a
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
b b b b
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+56b=4.96\\a+b=0.14\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.09\\b=0.05\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.09\times24=2.16g\)
\(m_{Fe}=0.05\times56=2.8g\)
\(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.14\times98\times100}{200}=6.86\%\)
Câu 3:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1.568}{22.4}=0.07mol\)
\(Ba+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+H_2\)
a a a a
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
b b b b
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}137a+24b=3.94\\a+b=0.07\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0.02\\b=0.05\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Ba}=0.02\times137=2.74g\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.05\times24=1.2g\)
\(CM_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.07}{0.1}=0.7M\)
\(n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m=27a+56b=19.3\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{H^+}=0.2\cdot2+0.2\cdot2.25\cdot2=1.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+6H^+\rightarrow2Al^{3+}+3H_2\)
\(Fe+2H^+\rightarrow Fe^{2+}+H_2\)
\(n_{H^+}=3a+2b=1.3\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.3,b=0.2\)
\(\%Al=\dfrac{0.3\cdot27}{19.3}\cdot100\%=41.96\%\)
\(\%Fe=58.04\%\)
\(b.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{H^+}=0.65\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng :
\(m_{Muối}=19.3+0.4\cdot36.5+0.45\cdot98-0.65\cdot2=76.7\left(g\right)\)
a) Sửa đề: dd H2SO4 9,8%
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,35\cdot2=0,7\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,35\cdot98}{9,8\%}=350\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{H_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=361,6\left(g\right)\)
b) Tương tự câu a
\(n_{O_2} = \dfrac{17,6-12,8}{32} = 0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{O(oxit)} = 2n_{O_2} = 0,3(mol)\\ n_{H_2} = \dfrac{2,24}{22,4} = 0,1(mol)\\ 2H^+ + O^{2-} \to H_2O\\ 2H^+ + 2e \to H_2\\ n_{H^+} = 2n_O+ 2n_{H_2} = 0,3.2 + 0,1.2 = 0,8(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{H^+} = 0,4(mol)\\ V_{dd\ H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{0,4}{0,5} = 0,8(lít) = 800(ml)\)
Gọi số mol Al, Mg là a, b (mol)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a--------------->a------>1,5a
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
b--------------->b---->b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1,5a+b=0,6\\133,5a+95b=55,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> a = 0,2 (mol); b = 0,3 (mol)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{0,2.27+0,3.24}.100\%=42,857\%\\\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,3.24}{0,2.27+0,3.24}.100\%=57,143\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al\\Mg\end{matrix}\right.+HCl->\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AlCl3\\MgCl2\end{matrix}\right.+H2\)
2Al + 3HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2 0,3 0,3
Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
0,3 0,6 0,3
=> mHCl dùng = 0,9 . 36,5 = 32,85 (g)
=> mH2 = 0,6 . 2 = 1,2 (g)
Bảo toàn khối lượng :
=> mX = 55,2 + 1,2 - 32,85 = 23,55 (g)
Ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+2y=1,2\left(bt-e\right)\\133,5x+95y=55,2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\left(mol\right)\\y=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%mAl=\dfrac{0,2.27}{0,2.27+0,3.24}=42,85\%\\\%mMg=100\%-42,85\%=57,15\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H^+}=0,5.0,8+0,25.0,8.2=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\dfrac{n_{H^+}}{2}=\dfrac{0,8}{2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\)
Không phải KL hhX cho rồi à ta?