Bài 3: Cho A = 1/22 + 1/32 + ... + 1/20162 + 1/20172
Hãy chứng tỏ rằng A < 1
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a) P = 1 + 3 + 3² + ... + 3¹⁰¹
= (1 + 3 + 3²) + (3³ + 3⁴ + 3⁵) + ... + (3⁹⁹ + 3¹⁰⁰ + 3¹⁰¹)
= 13 + 3³.(1 + 3 + 3²) + ... + 3⁹⁹.(1 + 3 + 3²)
= 13 + 3³.13 + ... + 3⁹⁹.13
= 13.(1 + 3³ + ... + 3⁹⁹) ⋮ 13
Vậy P ⋮ 13
b) B = 1 + 2² + 2⁴ + ... + 2²⁰²⁰
= (1 + 2² + 2⁴) + (2⁶ + 2⁸ + 2¹⁰) + ... + (2²⁰¹⁶ + 2²⁰¹⁸ + 2²⁰²⁰)
= 21 + 2⁶.(1 + 2² + 2⁴) + ... + 2²⁰¹⁶.(1 + 2² + 2⁴)
= 21 + 2⁶.21 + ... + 2²⁰¹⁶.21
= 21.(1 + 2⁶ + ... + 2²⁰¹⁶) ⋮ 21
Vậy B ⋮ 21
c) A = 2 + 2² + 2³ + ... + 2²⁰
= (2 + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴) + (2⁵ + 2⁶ + 2⁷ + 2⁸) + ... + (2¹⁷ + 2¹⁸ + 2¹⁹ + 2²⁰)
= 30 + 2⁴.(2 + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴) + ... + 2¹⁶.(2 + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴)
= 30 + 2⁴.30 + ... + 2¹⁶.30
= 30.(1 + 2⁴ + ... + 2¹⁶)
= 5.6.(1 + 2⁴ + ... + 2¹⁶) ⋮ 5
Vậy A ⋮ 5
d) A = 1 + 4 + 4² + ... + 4⁹⁸
= (1 + 4 + 4²) + (4³ + 4⁴ + 4⁵) + ... + (4⁹⁷ + 4⁹⁸ + 4⁹⁹)
= 21 + 4³.(1 + 4 + 4²) + ... + 4⁹⁷.(1 + 4 + 4²)
= 21 + 4³.21 + ... + 4⁹⁷.21
= 21.(1 + 4³ + ... + 4⁹⁷) ⋮ 21
Vậy A ⋮ 21
e) A = 11⁹ + 11⁸ + 11⁷ + ... + 11 + 1
= (11⁹ + 11⁸ + 11⁷ + 11⁶ + 11⁵) + (11⁴ + 11³ + 11² + 11 + 1)
= 11⁵.(11⁴ + 11³ + 11² + 11 + 1) + 16105
= 11⁵.16105 + 16105
= 16105.(11⁵ + 1)
= 5.3221.(11⁵ + 1) ⋮ 5
Vậy A ⋮ 5
\(1,Y=\left(1+3+3^2\right)+\left(3^3+3^4+3^5\right)+...+\left(3^{96}+3^{97}+3^{98}\right)\\ Y=\left(1+3+3^2\right)\left(1+3^3+...+3^{96}\right)\\ Y=13\left(1+3^3+...+3^{96}\right)⋮13\\ 2,A=\left(1+3\right)+\left(3^2+3^3\right)+...+\left(3^{2018}+3^{2019}\right)\\ A=\left(1+3\right)\left(1+3^2+...+3^{2019}\right)\\ A=4\left(1+3^2+...+3^{2019}\right)⋮4\\ 3,\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+4\right)=60\Leftrightarrow x+4=30\Leftrightarrow x=36\)
* Ta có : 1/21 >1/30 ;1/22 >1/30 ;...;1/29 >1/30
=> 1/21 +1/22 +...+1/29 +1/30 >1/30 +1/30 +...+1/30 =10/30 =1/3 (1)
1/31 >1/40 ;1/32 >1/40 ;...;1/39 >1/40
=> 1/31 +1/32 +...+1/39 +1/30 >1/40 +1/40 +...+1/40 =10/40 =1/4 (2)
Từ (1) và (2)
=> 1/21 +1/22 +...+1/30 +1/31 +1/32 +...+1/40 >1/3 +1/4
=> 1/21 +1/22 +1/23 +...+1/40 >7/12 (*)
* Ta có : 1/21 <1/20 ;1/22 <1/20 ;...;1/30 <1/20
=> 1/21 +1/22 +...+1/29 +1/30 <1/20 +1/20 +...+1/20 =10/20 =1/2 (3)
1/31 <1/30 ;1/32 <1/30 ;...;1/40 <1/30
=> 1/31 +1/32 +...+1/39 +1/40 <1/30 +1/30 +...+1/30 =10/30 =1/3 (4)
Từ (3) và (4)
=> 1/21 +1/22 +...+1/30 +1/31 +1/32 +...+1/40 <1/2 +1/3
=> 1/21 +1/22 +1/23+...+1/40 <5/6 (**)
Từ (*) và (**) ta có : 7/12 <1/21 +1/22 +1/23 +...+1/40 <5/6 (đpcm)
Bài hơi dài , thông cảm
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{21}>\frac{1}{30};\frac{1}{22}>\frac{1}{30};\frac{1}{23}>\frac{1}{30};...;\frac{1}{29}>\frac{1}{30}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\frac{1}{23}+...+\frac{1}{29}>\frac{1}{30}+\frac{1}{30}+\frac{1}{30}+...+\frac{1}{30}\)
\(>\frac{10}{30}=\frac{1}{3}(1)\)
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{31}>\frac{1}{40},\frac{1}{32}>\frac{1}{40},...,\frac{1}{39}>\frac{1}{40}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{32}+\frac{1}{33}+...+\frac{1}{39}>\frac{1}{40}+\frac{1}{40}+\frac{1}{40}+...+\frac{1}{40}\)
\(>\frac{10}{40}=\frac{1}{4}(2)\)
Từ 1 và 2 \(\Rightarrow A>\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}\Rightarrow A>\frac{7}{12}\)
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{21}< \frac{1}{20};\frac{1}{22}< \frac{1}{20};...;\frac{1}{30}< \frac{1}{20}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\frac{1}{23}+...+\frac{1}{30}< \frac{1}{20}+\frac{1}{20}+...+\frac{1}{20}\)
\(< \frac{10}{20}=\frac{1}{2}(3)\)
Ta lại có : ....
Làm tiếp đi :v
a) \(A=1+2+2^2+...+2^{80}\)
\(2A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{81}\)
\(2A-A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{81}-1-2-2^2-...-2^{80}\)
\(A=2^{81}-1\)
Nên A + 1 là:
\(A+1=2^{81}-1+1=2^{81}\)
b) \(B=1+3+3^2+...+3^{99}\)
\(3B=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{100}\)
\(3B-B=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{100}-1-3-3^2-...-3^{99}\)
\(2B=3^{100}-1\)
Nên 2B + 1 là:
\(2B+1=3^{100}-1+1=3^{100}\)
2)
a) \(2^x\cdot\left(1+2+2^2+...+2^{2015}\right)+1=2^{2016}\)
Gọi:
\(A=1+2+2^2+...+2^{2015}\)
\(2A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2016}\)
\(A=2^{2016}-1\)
Ta có:
\(2^x\cdot\left(2^{2016}-1\right)+1=2^{2016}\)
\(\Rightarrow2^x\cdot\left(2^{2016}-1\right)=2^{2016}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow2^x=\dfrac{2^{2016}-1}{2^{2016}-1}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow2^x=2^0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=0\)
b) \(8^x-1=1+2+2^2+...+2^{2015}\)
Gọi: \(B=1+2+2^2+...+2^{2015}\)
\(2B=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2016}\)
\(B=2^{2016}-1\)
Ta có:
\(8^x-1=2^{2016}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2^3\right)^x-1=2^{2016}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow2^{3x}-1=2^{2016}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow2^{3x}=2^{2016}\)
\(\Rightarrow3x=2016\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{2016}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow x=672\)
Ta có 1/2.2<1/1.2
1/3.3<1/2.3
1/4.4<1/3.4
.........................
1/20.20<1/19.20
=>1/2.2+1/3.3+1/4.4+...+1/20.20<1/1.2+1/2.3+1/3.4+...+1/19.20
=>A<1/1-1/2+1/2-1/3+1/3-1/4+...+1/19-1/20
=>A<1/1-1/20
=>A<20/20-1/20
=>A<19/20<20/20=1
=>A<1
Vậy A<1
Bài 1 :
Ta có;\(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\frac{1}{23}+...+\frac{1}{30}>\frac{1}{30}.10=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{32}+...+\frac{1}{60}>\frac{1}{60}.30>\frac{1}{30}.24=\frac{2}{5}\)
Do đó :
\(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{60}>\frac{1}{3}+\frac{2}{5}=\frac{11}{15}\left(1\right)\)
Mặt khác :
\(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{40}< \frac{1}{20}.20=1\)
\(\frac{1}{41}+\frac{1}{42}+...+\frac{1}{60}< \frac{1}{40}.20=\frac{1}{2}\)
Do đó :
\(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{60}< 1+\frac{1}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1 ) và (2) ta suy ra điều phải chứng minh
Bài 2 :
Đặt \(S=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{63}\)
MỘT MẶT ,TA CÓ THỂ VIẾT
\(S=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{7}+\frac{1}{8}\right)\)\(+\left(\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{10}+...+\frac{1}{16}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{17}+\frac{1}{18}+...+\frac{1}{32}\right)\)\(+\left(\frac{1}{33}+\frac{1}{34}+...+\frac{1}{63}+\frac{1}{64}\right)-\frac{1}{64}\)
\(>\frac{1}{2}.2+\frac{1}{4}.2+\frac{1}{8}.4+\frac{1}{16}.8+\frac{1}{32}.16+\frac{1}{64}.32-\frac{1}{64}\)\(=\frac{7}{2}-\frac{1}{64}=\frac{223}{64}>\frac{192}{64}=3\left(1\right)\)
Mặt khác ,ta lại có\(S=1+\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{7}\right)\)\(+\left(\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{9}+...+\frac{1}{15}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{16}+\frac{1}{17}+...+\frac{1}{31}\right)\)\(+\left(\frac{1}{32}+\frac{1}{33}+...+\frac{1}{63}\right)< \)\(1+\frac{1}{2}.2+\frac{1}{4}.4+\frac{1}{8}.8+\frac{1}{16}.16+\frac{1}{32}.32=6\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2 ) ta kết luận \(3< S< 6\)
Chúc bạn học tốt ( -_- )
dễ mà mình thi rồi giờ thì hết kiến thức ko làm đc sory ko làm đc
A=1/2*2+1/3*3+1/4*4+...+1/2017*2017.
=>A<1/1*2+1/25*3+1/3*4+...+1/2016*2017.
=>A<1-1/2+1/2-1/3+1/3-1/4+...+1/2016-1/2017.
=>A<1-1/2017<1.
=>A<1(đpcm).
tk mk nha có j kb.