cho x,y là số thực không âm
Tìm Max P = \(\frac{\left(x^2-y^2\right)\left(1-x^2y^2\right)}{\left(1+x^2\right)^2\left(1+y^2\right)^2}\)
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\(\left(x^2;y^2\right)=\left(a;b\right)\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(1-ab\right)}{\left(1+a\right)^2\left(1+b\right)^2}\)
Ta có:
\(\left(a+b\right)\left(1+ab\right)-\left(a-b\right)\left(1-ab\right)=2b\left(a^2+1\right)\ge0;\forall a;b\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(1+ab\right)\ge\left(a-b\right)\left(1-ab\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(1+ab\right)}{\left(1+a\right)^2\left(1+b\right)^2}\le\dfrac{\left(a+b+1+ab\right)^2}{4\left(1+a\right)^2\left(1+b\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(P_{max}=\dfrac{1}{4}\) khi \(\left(a;b\right)=\left(1;0\right)\) hay \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;0\right)\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left[\left(x-y\right)\left(1+xy\right)\right]\left[\left(x+y\right)\left(1-xy\right)\right]}{\left(1+x^2\right)^2\left(1+y^2\right)^2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cosi ta có:
\(\left(x-y\right)\left(1+xy\right)\le\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(1+xy\right)^2}{2}=\dfrac{\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)}{2}\\ \left(x+y\right)\left(1-xy\right)\le\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(1-xy\right)^2}{2}=\dfrac{\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)}{2}\)
\(\to P\le\dfrac{\left(1+x^2\right)^2\left(1+y^2\right)^2}{4\left(1+x^2\right)^2\left(1+y^2\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;0\right)\)
đặt \(a=x^2,b=y^2\left(a,b\ge0\right)\)thì \(P=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(1-ab\right)}{\left(1+a\right)^2\left(1+b\right)^2}\)
Zì \(a,b\ge0\)nên
\(\left(a-b\right)\left(1-ab\right)=a-a^2b-b+ab^2\le a+ab^2=a\left(1+b^2\right)\le a\left(1+2b+b^2\right)=a\left(1+b\right)^2\)
Lại có \(\left(1+a\right)^2=\left(1-a\right)^2+4a\ge4a\)
=>\(P\le\frac{a\left(1+b\right)^2}{4a\left(1+b\right)^2}=\frac{1}{4}\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi zà chỉ khi\(\hept{\begin{cases}a=1\\b=0\end{cases}=>\hept{\begin{cases}x=\pm1\\y=0\end{cases}}}\)
zậy \(maxP=\frac{1}{4}khi\hept{\begin{cases}x=\pm1\\y=0\end{cases}}\)
Bài 2: Ta có: x, y, z không âm và \(x+y+z=\frac{3}{2}\)nên \(0\le x\le\frac{3}{2}\Rightarrow2-x>0\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM dạng \(ab\le\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\), ta được: \(x+2xy+4xyz=x+4xy\left(z+\frac{1}{2}\right)\le x+4x.\frac{\left(y+z+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2}{4}=x+x\left(2-x\right)^2\)
Ta cần chứng minh \(x+x\left(2-x\right)^2\le2\Leftrightarrow\left(2-x\right)\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\)*đúng*
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\left(x,y,z\right)=\left(1,\frac{1}{2},0\right)\)
Bài 3: Áp dụng đánh giá quen thuộc \(4ab\le\left(a+b\right)^2\), ta có: \(2\le\left(x+y\right)^3+4xy\le\left(x+y\right)^3+\left(x+y\right)^2\)
Đặt x + y = t thì ta được: \(t^3+t^2-2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(t-1\right)\left(t^2+2t+2\right)\ge0\Rightarrow t\ge1\)(dễ thấy \(t^2+2t+2>0\forall t\))
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
\(P=3\left(x^4+y^4+x^2y^2\right)-2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+1=3\left[\frac{3}{4}\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\left(x^2-y^2\right)^2\right]-2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+1\ge\frac{9}{4}\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+1\)\(=\frac{9}{4}\left[\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\right]-2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\frac{7}{16}\ge\frac{9}{4}.2\sqrt{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2.\frac{1}{4}}-2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\frac{7}{16}=\frac{9}{4}\left(x^2+y^2\right)-2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\frac{7}{16}=\frac{1}{4}\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\frac{7}{16}\ge\frac{1}{8}+\frac{7}{16}=\frac{9}{16}\)Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = 1/2
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM: \(\left(x^2-y^2\right)\left(1-x^2y^2\right)\le\frac{1}{4}\left(x^2-y^2+1-x^2y^2\right)^2=\frac{1}{4}\left(1-y^2\right)^2\left(1+x^2\right)^2\)
\(P\le\frac{1}{4}\frac{\left(1-y^2\right)^2}{\left(1+y^2\right)^2}\)
mà theo BĐT AM-GM:\(\left(1-y\right)\left(1+y\right)\le\frac{1}{4}\left(1-y+1+y\right)^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{4}.\frac{1}{\left(1+y^2\right)^2}\le\frac{1}{4}.\frac{1}{1}=\frac{1}{4}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=1;y=0 wait : có gì đó sai sai. số thực