Cho a,b,c,d dương thoả abc=1
CMR sigma a^3/(1+a)(1+b) >/ 3/4
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Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)
\(9+ab\ge2\sqrt{9ab}=6\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=a+b\ge\frac{2\sqrt{ab}\cdot6\sqrt{ab}}{9+ab}=\frac{12ab}{9+ab}=VP\)
Bài 2:
a)\(\frac{a^2}{a+2b^2}=a-\frac{2ab^2}{a+2b^2}\ge a-\frac{2ab^2}{3\sqrt[3]{ab^4}}=a-\frac{2}{3}\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2}\)
\(BDT\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2}+\sqrt[3]{b^2c^2}+\sqrt[3]{c^2a^2}\le3\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\sqrt[3]{b^2c^2}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(bc+b+c\right)\). Tương tự r` cộng theo vế ta có ĐPCM
b)\(\frac{a^2}{a+2b^3}=a-\frac{2ab^2}{a+2b^3}\ge a-\frac{2ab^3}{3\sqrt[3]{ab^6}}=a-\frac{2}{3}b\sqrt[3]{a^2}\)
\(\ge a-\frac{2}{3}b\frac{\left(a+a+1\right)}{3}=a-\frac{2b}{9}-\frac{4ab}{9}\)
Vậy \(VT\ge a+b+c-\frac{2}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{4}{9}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{7}{3}-\frac{4\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{27}=1=VP\)
Cm \(3\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\left(a^2c+b^2a+c^2b\right)\ge abc\left(a+b+c\right)^3\)
Do 2 vế BĐT đồng bậc nên ta chuẩn hóa \(a+b+c=3\)
BĐT <=> \(3\left[abc\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)+\left(a^3b^3+b^3c^3+a^3c^3\right)+a^2b^2c^2\left(a+b+c\right)\right]\ge27abc\)
<=>\(3\left[abc\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)+\left(a^3b^3+b^3c^3+a^3c^3+3a^2b^2c^2\right)\right]\ge27abc\)
Áp dụng BĐT Schur ta có:
\(a^3b^3+b^3c^3+a^3c^3+3a^2b^2c^2\ge ab^2c\left(ab+bc\right)+a^2bc\left(ab+ac\right)+abc^2\left(ac+bc\right)\)
Khi đó BĐT
<=>\(3\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)+3a^2\left(b+c\right)+3b^2\left(a+c\right)+3c^2\left(a+b\right)\ge27\)
<=> \(3\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)+3a^2\left(3-a\right)+3b^2\left(3-b\right)+3c^2\left(3-c\right)\ge27\)
<=> \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\) luôn đúng do \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\)( ĐPCM)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c
Bài 2
Áp dụng \(x^2+y^2\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\)
=> \(VT\ge\frac{|a+1-b|+|b+1-c|+|c+1-a|}{\sqrt{2}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT \(|x|+|y|+|z|\ge|x+y+z|\)
=> \(VT\ge\frac{|a+1-b+b+1-c+c+1-a|}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{3}{\sqrt{2}}\)(ĐPCM)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM - GM:
\(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\); \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\)
1.
Theo nguyên lý Dirichlet, trong 3 số a;b;c luôn có 2 số cùng phía so với \(\dfrac{2}{3}\), không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử đó là b và c
\(\Rightarrow\left(b-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(c-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\ge0\)
Mặt khác \(0\le a\le1\Rightarrow1-a\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(b-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(c-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(1-a\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-abc\ge\dfrac{4a}{9}+\dfrac{2b}{3}+\dfrac{2c}{3}-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc-\dfrac{4}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-abc\ge-\dfrac{2a}{9}+\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc-\dfrac{4}{9}=-\dfrac{2a}{9}-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc+\dfrac{8}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{4ab}{3}-\dfrac{4ac}{3}-2bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{ab}{3}-\dfrac{ac}{3}-bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{a}{3}\left(b+c\right)-bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{a}{3}\left(2-a\right)-\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{4}+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}+\dfrac{a^2}{3}-\dfrac{2a}{3}-\dfrac{\left(2-a\right)^2}{4}+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge\dfrac{a^2}{12}-\dfrac{a}{9}+\dfrac{7}{9}=\dfrac{1}{12}\left(a-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^2+\dfrac{20}{27}\ge\dfrac{20}{27}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge2abc+\dfrac{20}{27}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Từ \(abc=1\) VÀ \(a,b,c>0\) áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(a+b+c\ge3;a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\)
Ta có: \(VT=\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{b^3}{\left(1+c\right)\left(1+a\right)}+\frac{c^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a^4}{\left(1+ab\right)\left(1+ac\right)}+\frac{b^4}{\left(1+bc\right)\left(1+ca\right)}+\frac{c^4}{\left(1+ca\right)\left(1+cb\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a^4}{a+ab+ac+1}+\frac{b^4}{b+bc+ba+1}+\frac{c^4}{c+ca+cb+1}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a+b+c+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+3}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\left(a+b+c\ge3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+1\right)}\)( dễ c/m rằng \(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+1\right)\ge2\left(a+b+c+ab+bc+ca\right)\))
Vậy ta cần c/m \(\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+1\right)}\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(1\right)\)
Đặt \(a^2+b^2+c^2=t\ge3\). Ta có:
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(t-3\right)\left(4t+3\right)\ge0\forall t\ge3\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
Hay sử dụng Am-GM ta có:
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}+\frac{1+a}{8}+\frac{1+b}{8}\ge\frac{3}{4}a\)
Thiết lập 2 BĐT tương tự r` cộng theo vế