Cho a,b,c đôi một không đối nhau thỏa mãn a+b+c=2
Tính M=\(\frac{2a+bc}{a+c}\)+ \(\frac{2b+ac}{a+b}\)+\(\frac{2c+ab}{c+b}\)
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\(VT=\frac{b^2c^2}{b+c}+\frac{a^2c^2}{a+c}+\frac{a^2b^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\ge\frac{3abc\left(a+b+c\right)}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Ta có : \(p=\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ca}{b^2\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM ta có :
\(\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{b+c}{4bc}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}.\frac{b+c}{4ab}}=\frac{1}{a}\)
\(\frac{ac}{b^2\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{a+c}{4ac}\ge4\sqrt{\frac{ac}{b^2\left(a+c\right)}.\frac{a+c}{4ac}}=\frac{1}{b}\)
\(\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{a+b}{4ab}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}.\frac{a+b}{4ab}}=\frac{1}{c}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được \(p+\frac{1}{4c}+\frac{1}{4a}+\frac{1}{4b}+\frac{1}{4a}+\frac{1}{4c}+\frac{1}{4b}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow p+\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{2c}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow p\ge\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{2c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{2a.2b.2c}}=\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{8abc}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Xét: \(\frac{bc}{a^2b+ca^2}=\frac{bc}{a\cdot abc\cdot\frac{1}{c}+a\cdot abc\cdot\frac{1}{b}}=\frac{b^2c^2}{ab+ca}\)(*)
Tương tự với (*) ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{ca}{b^2c+ab^2}=\frac{c^2a^2}{ab+bc}\\\frac{ab}{c^2a+bc^2}=\frac{a^2b^2}{ca+bc}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{bc}{a^2b+ca^2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{b^2c^2}{ab+ca}\)
Ta thấy\(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{b^2c^2}{ab+ca}\) có dạng: \(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Bước cuối Cô-si ba số và kết hợp điều kiện abc=1 là xong
\(\frac{a\left(a+c-2b\right)}{1+ab}+\frac{b\left(b+a-2c\right)}{1+bc}+\frac{c\left(c+b-2a\right)}{1+ca}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a\left(1-b\right)}{1+ab}+\frac{b\left(1-c\right)}{1+bc}+\frac{c\left(1-a\right)}{1+ca}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a}{1+ab}+\frac{b}{1+bc}+\frac{c}{1+ca}\right)-\left(\frac{ab}{1+ab}+\frac{bc}{1+bc}+\frac{ca}{1+ca}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a}{1+ab}+\frac{b}{1+bc}+\frac{c}{1+ca}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{1+ab}+\frac{1}{1+bc}+\frac{1}{1+ca}\right)\ge3\)
Đến đây chia làm 2 bài toán :D
\(\frac{a}{1+ab}=a-\frac{a^2b}{1+ab}\ge a-\frac{a^2b}{2\sqrt{ab}}=a-\frac{\sqrt{a^3b}}{2}\)
Tương tự rồi cộng lại:
\(\frac{a}{1+ab}+\frac{b}{1+bc}+\frac{c}{1+ca}\ge a+b+c-\frac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{a^3b}+\sqrt{b^3c}+\sqrt{c^3a}\right)\)
\(\ge a+b+c-\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{1+ab}+\frac{1}{1+bc}+\frac{1}{1+ca}\ge\frac{9}{3+ab+bc+ca}=\frac{9}{3+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Cộng 2 cái lại có ngay đpcm
\(\frac{ab}{a+b}=\frac{bc}{b+c}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+b}=\frac{c}{b+c}\Rightarrow a\left(b+c\right)=c\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+ac=ac+bc\Rightarrow a=c\)
\(\frac{bc}{b+c}=\frac{ac}{a+c}\Rightarrow\frac{b}{b+c}=\frac{a}{a+c}\Rightarrow b\left(a+c\right)=a\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc=ab+ac\Rightarrow a=b\)
=> a=b=c
\(A=\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{a^2b+b^2c+c^2a}=\frac{3a^3}{3a^3}=1\)
Xét \(\frac{2a+bc}{a+c}=\frac{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}{a+c}=\frac{a^2+ab+ac+bc}{a+c}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{a+c}=a+b\)(thay 2=a+b+c)
Tương tự \(\frac{2b+ac}{a+b}=b+c\)và \(\frac{2c+ab}{c+b}=c+a\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)\)
\(M=2.\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(M=4\)